THE GREAT GLOBAL WARNING SWINDLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

THE GREAT GLOBAL WARNING SWINDLE - Essay Example The relentless quest for the so called betterment of society has resulted in a drastic increase in the so called greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Many studies have shown that these gases that are released from factories and other manufacturing establishments have contributed to warming of the earth’s atmosphere. This factor could have far reaching consequences with regard to survival of the human species and other living organisms in the planet in the sense that increased temperature could result in rising of the levels of water bodies in the world. The argument is that polar ice caps will begin to melt resulting in rise in water levels of the oceans and seas across the globe. This rise in water levels can result in large areas of inhabited land being inundated by seas and oceans, ultimately resulting in destruction of human habitation (and other species). In effect, the layman is now presented with an apocalypse view of what might happen to Mot her Earth if this so called progress of technology is left unchecked. In fact, it is one of the most controversial and contentious issues that is probably facing the world in the long run. What is to be considered is that temperatures have risen overall that life in any form is precious and any activity that is detrimental to this should be stopped. This argument, primarily by environmentalists and those concerned with sustainability is that industrialization in its current form is a sure way to ensure destruction of life on planet earth. But other arguments by equally qualified scientists and other experts show that human activity does not have the capability to imbalance the power of nature. In other words, the so called pollution and the greenhouse gases is not a major factor in contributing to the future of life on earth for any species including human beings. One of the most controversial films regarding the

Young Goodman Brown Essay Example for Free

Young Goodman Brown Essay The theme of change and transformation preoccupies the minds of writers through the centuries. They use a change as a technique in order to illustrate transformations of the characters. Both, Raymond Carver and Alice Walker turn to the theme of change in their works but they do it in a different way. Two stories, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† approach the theme of change from different perspectives. Alice Walker depicts the way the notion of the hereditary is changed for different generations. She shows how young girl, who leaves her native place for a big city gradually changes and how her perception of her origin and hereditary changes accordingly. In this story two ideologies, presented by Dee and her mother, clash. The author depicts how traditional attitude to the family values and customs, represented by Dee’s mother, is opposed to Dee, who presents a new vision of the history, conditioned by the liberation movement. Dee’s mother does not change and represents the spirit of all generations, who stand behind her. She follows her path and can not accept new attitudes brought by Dee from the big city. Dee does not loose her ties with her native land and her hereditary when she leaves her parents’ house. She only gets new perception of them. Dee changes a lot and her attitudes changes accordingly. Visiting her home, she asks her mother to hang the quilt on the wall in order to manifest her attitude to the history of her people. Her attitude changes dramatically because she did not want to take the same quilt with her when she was leaving her home several years ago. Her mother does not want the changes to occur. She treats the quilt as an element for everyday use. As she states, â€Å"God knows I been saving `em for long enough with nobody using `em. I hope [Maggie] will put them to everyday use! † (Walker, 16). Despite we can see that the mother and her daughter have very different ideas about the ways the memories about their origins should be kept, we still can not reject the fact that they both care about this past. Dee has another vision and her vision reflects the spirit of the epoch and new attitudes brought by the changes in the mentality. Young Goodman Brown was written in the year 1835 by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The story brightly depicts the Puritan society of the seventeenth century. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s style is ambiguous; he doesn’t transmit his message directly. The most mysterious event in the story is Goodman Brown’s journey to the night wood. This journey completely transforms Brown’s personality because in the forest he meets with the dark side of his personality. The Black Mess in the dark forest points not only to the hypocrisy of the society and religious authorities but also to the dark part of the personality. It’s his own hidden dark side, which Goodman meets in the forest. Once the listener fancied that he could distinguish the accents of towns-people of his own, men and women, both pious and ungodly, many of whom he had met at the communion table, and had seen others rioting at the tavern† (Hawthorne, 114). The author uses the Black Mess to show the part of personality people try to hide not only from others, but also from themselves. New knowledge, which Goodman Brown achieves in the forest will change his perception of himself and other people forever. The changes, which occur to Dee in the Walker’s story reflect her true attitude to the reality and most probably will last for a long time. Works Cited Walker, Alice, In Love and Trouble, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, inc, 1973. Shuffelton, Frank. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Revival Movement. † The American Transcendental Quarterly 44, 1979. Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown, 1992 Walker, Alice. Everyday Use. Perrines Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense. Comp. Thomas R. Arp. New York: Harcourt Brace College, 1994.

Rappaccini’s Daughter - An Exploration of Human Nature Essay -- Rappac

Rappaccini’s Daughter - An Exploration of Human Nature The key to my understanding Hawthorne’s perspective on Science and Nature in Rappaccini’s Daughter was his cheeky introduction, when he placed himself somewhere between transcendentalists and "pen-and-ink men who address the intellect and sympathies of the multitude" - too unpopular for the multitude, and too popular for the transcendentalists. Choosing not to fit in either camp, he seems to tease us with the merits and deficits of each - science and nature, too. It’s not a matter of balance, or a weighing of arguments. His device here is to play upon the tensions attendant to these apparent polarities. On the first reading "Rappaccini’s Daughter" appeared to be a cautionary tale, a warning about the dangers of too much science, excessive manipulation of nature - leading to "thwarted nature," the "fatality that attends all such acts of perverted wisdom." Rappaccini is described as a "vile empiric" and "not restrained by natural affection for his daughter." Beatrice, his daughter, describes herself as merely his earthly child, while the plants are the "offspring of his intellect." Beatrice is described by her physical beauty and poisonous physical nature. She is described also by the "pure light of her character." Giovanni, the would-be lover, alternates between obsession with Beatrice - which might be love - and abhorrence of her. The obsession is with her beauty and simplicity - her goodness. The abhorrence is with her poisonous physical nature. Giovanni’s character, however, is found wanting when he urges Beatrice to take the fatal antidote to her poisonousness. Beatrice protected Giovan... ...cience was represented by his demeanor with his daughter and his garden - touching nothing directly, only looking and tending from a distance. Baglioni sought power manipulatively and politically - represented by his academic rivalry with Rappaccini, his plan to kill Beatrice, and his manipulation of Giovanni as the instrument to kill Beatrice. Giovanni wanted power over Beatrice - he wanted to recast her into a form he could "love" - he couldn’t love her as she was. Beatrice and the plants in the garden were the innocents in this story - they simply came into being. The poison in their physical nature simply was - there was no malice in them. Beatrice was the only human who exhibited real love, and who only wanted love/to love. She expressed her love for Giovanni by dying - and in dying released herself from (transcended) the power of each of these men.

Prohibiting Smoking in Public Places

Secondhand smoke is especially dangerous—much more to children who are directly exposed to the smoke. Canada should implement a no-smoking policy, not just inside cars,but in all public places where there is an threat of secondhand smoke. It is a fact that secondhand smoke is more toxic than smoke directly inhaled by smokers. It is known to cause cancer and there is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke. It takes at least three hours for cigarette smoke to clear in an average-sized room. Hazardous components of the smoke can remain present much longer (Office of Tobacco Use Prevention). Although â€Å"the simplest, least expensive and most effective solution against secondhand smoke is not smoking in any enclosed indoor area† (Office of Tobacco Use Prevention), Canada should legislate laws that would ban smoking in public places to reduce deaths related to tobacco use and second hand smoke just like what many other countries have already been doing. Eliminating smoking is the only way to effectively reduce the harmful effects associated with cigarette smoke. Ventilation could prove to be an effective way of eliminating secondhand smoke indoors if the exhausted air leads outside but it not effective in eliminating its harmful components. Parents should be responsible enough to keep their children away from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. As a sign of respect, smokers should get out of the room when other people will be exposed to the smoke that he/she will exhale. This in turn also limits the number of people that will be exposed to secondhand smoke. Because secondhand smoke is much more harmful than the smoke inhaled, the government should consider legislating laws that would prohibit smoking in public places because this already proved effective for other countries.

How Can We Help Promote tourism in Malaysia Essay

Malaysia has been visited by thousands of tourist from all over the world every year. But tourism in Malaysia can be further developed by promoting many aspects that the country has. Malaysia is a land that has been bestowed with greenery, mountains, beaches and rivers. Its natural landscape itself is a great attraction for foreigners. The sandy beaches in Penang Island, Port Dickson and Morib are holiday retreats for Westerners who are deprived of the sun and sea due to the cold weather in their countries. The wind whispering through the tall shady casuarinas and lapping sea waves are ideal places for visitors in search of peace and tranquility. There are natural places which have special attractions for the foreigners to look and enjoy. The Kuala Selangor fireflies is a must to visit. The fireflies in Kuala Selangor are the largest colony in the world. Visitors have to take a boat ride in late evenings to see the fireflies, which lit up the trees in the dark. The nocturnal tours in the boats would be a unique experience for any traveler. This unique attraction can be highlighted in the brochures and the websites in the Internet. World- class theme parks like the Sunway Lagoon and Mines Wonderland must be highlighted also. The Sunway Lagoon, which was once a tin mine, has been transformed into a recreational park. There are also five-star hotels in these places where visitors could enjoy their stay there. Kuala Lumpur the capital city is the ideal place to shop because it promises variety , value and convenience all in one place. Malaysian items like pewter and batik can be found at various places for different levels of budget. Names of places and malls so that the visitors have and idea where to go for shopping for certain items. All these aspects can be highlighted in the media especially in the Internet so that visitors can get the right information about Malaysia and would want to visit our country.

Free Essays on Van Gogh

"What lives in art and is eternally living, is first of all the painter, and then the painting." - Vincent Van Gogh Expressionism is an art form in which the very style itself and the symbols that the artist uses are meant to express his innermost feelings on the subject. Vincent van Gogh has often been hailed as the quintessential expressionist painter. His artwork covers a range of moods over the years, and his canvases are almost mirrors into his troubled soul. Vincent van Gogh lived a troubled life. He once described his childhood as " cold, gloomy and sterile." He alienated himself from his parents and siblings by being a stubborn and reclusive child. He was clumsy, uncommunicative, and lived an early life of solitude, being misunderstood by his own family. The only sibling he had any sort of close relationship with was his brother, Theo. He would later be Vincent’s biggest supporter, both moral and financial, during the formative years of his unsuccessful career in art. As the young Vincent grew up, he realized that art was his calling in life. He decided that he would paint and make a living off his sales. Ironically, though his paintings may sell for millions today†¦van Gogh actually sold only one painting in his lifetime, and this, for the meager cost of 40 francs. Van Gogh’s problems were numerous. First of all, he just didn’t have the social skills to be happy in his personal life. He had a few disastrous relationships with women before sinking deep into solitude and depression. His paintings during his troubled romances and the ensuing heartbreaks are filled with darkness and pain, reflecting his inner sorrow. Secondly, while Vincent’s paintings were indisputably brilliant, he simply didn’t have the interpersonal skills to make any sales! The legend has it that he actually used to argue with buyers who praised them, trying to convince them forcefully that his work was not remarkably good! He was an... Free Essays on Van Gogh Free Essays on Van Gogh "What lives in art and is eternally living, is first of all the painter, and then the painting." - Vincent Van Gogh Expressionism is an art form in which the very style itself and the symbols that the artist uses are meant to express his innermost feelings on the subject. Vincent van Gogh has often been hailed as the quintessential expressionist painter. His artwork covers a range of moods over the years, and his canvases are almost mirrors into his troubled soul. Vincent van Gogh lived a troubled life. He once described his childhood as " cold, gloomy and sterile." He alienated himself from his parents and siblings by being a stubborn and reclusive child. He was clumsy, uncommunicative, and lived an early life of solitude, being misunderstood by his own family. The only sibling he had any sort of close relationship with was his brother, Theo. He would later be Vincent’s biggest supporter, both moral and financial, during the formative years of his unsuccessful career in art. As the young Vincent grew up, he realized that art was his calling in life. He decided that he would paint and make a living off his sales. Ironically, though his paintings may sell for millions today†¦van Gogh actually sold only one painting in his lifetime, and this, for the meager cost of 40 francs. Van Gogh’s problems were numerous. First of all, he just didn’t have the social skills to be happy in his personal life. He had a few disastrous relationships with women before sinking deep into solitude and depression. His paintings during his troubled romances and the ensuing heartbreaks are filled with darkness and pain, reflecting his inner sorrow. Secondly, while Vincent’s paintings were indisputably brilliant, he simply didn’t have the interpersonal skills to make any sales! The legend has it that he actually used to argue with buyers who praised them, trying to convince them forcefully that his work was not remarkably good! He was an...

Abigails Vengeance essays

Abigails Vengeance essays The witch trials of 1692 were among the darkest experiences of United States history. Forming in the rigid Puritan community of Salem, these infamous trials were a perfect example of vengeance based injustice. In Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, it all begins as but a simple accusation against a hand full of girls and only later develops into the great hysteria they are known as today. Ironically, these truth seeking hearings were built entirely of falsehoods, most of which originates from the testimonies of Abigail Williams. Abigails vengeful feelings spur her into manipulating the girls, lying to the court, and attempting to ruin the relationship of John and Elizabeth Proctor. Abigails need for revenge causes her to use manipulation to intimidate the girls into following her plan of deceit. Abigail bullies the other girls into not spoiling her plan for revenge by verbally and physically attacking them. Let either of you breathe a word, Abigail threatens, or the edge of a word about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you (835). Abigail knows all the girls fear her and she uses this to her advantage. Abigails paralysis allows the whole outcome of the witch trials to favor her. Abigails selfishness also causes her to frequently lie in court. Madly in love with John Proctor, Abigail believes that if Elizabeth were not in the way, he would belong to her. When the accusations begin, Abigail quickly claims to have seen Elizabeth Proctor with the devil. Abigail even goes out of her way to get Mary to plant the poppet in Elizabeths possession. She then stabs herself with a needle into her stomach and blames Elizabeth of wanting to kill her. She denies that the poppet belongs to Mary Warren and insists that Elizabeth is playing with witchcraft. When M...

Dilution Calculations From Stock Solutions in Chemistry

Dilution Calculations From Stock Solutions in Chemistry If youre working in a chemistry lab, its essential to know how to calculate a dilution. Review Dilution, Concentration, and Stock Solutions A dilution is a solution made by adding more solvent to a more concentrated solution (stock solution), which reduces the concentration of the solute. An example of a dilute solution is tap water, which is mostly water (solvent), with a small amount of dissolved minerals and gasses (solutes). An example of a concentrated solution is 98% sulfuric acid (~18 M). The primary reason you start with a concentrated solution and then dilute it to make a dilution is that its very difficult (sometimes impossible) to accurately measure solute to prepare a dilute solution, so there would be a large degree of error in the concentration value. You use the law of conservation of mass to perform the calculation for the dilution: MdilutionVdilution MstockVstock Dilution Example As an example, say you need to prepare 50 ml of a 1.0 M solution from a 2.0 M stock solution. Your first step is to calculate the volume of stock solution that is required. MdilutionVdilution MstockVstock(1.0 M)(50 ml) (2.0 M)(x ml)x [(1.0 M)(50 ml)]/2.0 Mx 25 ml of stock solution So to make your solution, you pour 25 ml of stock solution into a 50 ml volumetric flask. Dilute with solvent to the 50 ml line. Avoid This Common Dilution Mistake Its a common mistake to add too much solvent when making the dilution. Make sure you pour the concentrated solution into the flask and then dilute it to the volume mark. Do not, for example, mix 250 ml of concentrated solution with 1 L of solvent to make a 1-liter solution!

Mentorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mentorship - Essay Example This essay discusses that nurses, who think of getting involved in student direction and mentorship in any clinical surroundings, should have sufficient knowledge of the significance of mentorship, its procedures and basic values. While mentorship plans aim at assisting the staff in knowing the idea of mentorship, a clear cute idea thinking evidently and critically about the work is necessary, prior to accepting the assignment. Standards for specialized practice concerning mentorship in nursing are compulsory, and they are prescribed by the Nursing and Midwifery Council. This assignment is based on two questions, and each will concentrate on one of the eight standards necessary to preparation for mentorship. They contain: establishing effective working relationships during placement orientation, and assessment and accountability. This article discusses connected, as well as jointly dependent aspects of mentoring that are significant for successful practice placements. â€Å"Nurse Tu rnover† is a valuable problem that persists, as healthcare faces the impending scarcity of nursing staff. A recent generation of nurses have entered the labour force, and the incentives provided to them to work for organizations love also improved. A diversity of factors influence the retention of nurses in â€Å"adult care† settings, containing group cohesion, work satisfaction, work schedule and â€Å"job stress†. Previous researches have recognized positive relations among group cohesion, work satisfaction, strong leadership and retention rates, and a negative connection among work schedule, stress and retention. â€Å"To ensure the quality and effectiveness of the program, one needs to do the following: †¢ Develop a plan to measure program processes; †¢ Develop a plan to measure expected outcomes; and †¢ Create a process to reflect on and disseminate evaluation findings† (How to Build a Successful Mentoring Program Using the Elements of Effective Practice n.d.). Additionally, experience and age in nursing are connected to job satisfaction. â€Å"Mentoring and satisfaction with mentoring separately predicted all the work attitudes of the nurses as it has in many previous studies. Mentoring and satisfaction with mentoring were positively related to job and career attitudes† (Salami 2010, p. 119). Job satisfaction is defined as the optimistic emotional answer to a job situation, resulting from what the employee wants, and the values from the job attached it’s the job by researchers. Mentoring experiences drop along a range from an extremely satisfying, marginally satisfying experience to a disfunctional or harmful experience. Highly satisfying formal or informal mentoring experience demonstrates better job satisfaction, organizational obligation, and satisfaction in obtaining chances for promotion. The direct consequence of social support on work attitudes is that, it interacts with mentoring relations, to affect work attitudes, that is, the effective utilization of social support possessions can pave the method for â€Å"effective mentoring relationships†

Management and Manufacturing Philosophy to Toyota Case Study

Management and Manufacturing Philosophy to Toyota - Case Study Example This management and manufacturing philosophy is, without doubt, the key to Toyota's global success but, upon consideration of the reasons for its recent overtake of the U.S. market, one finds that it is a combination of both its decision to Americanize and its management philosophy. Toyota has Americanized and, its Americanization is large, although not entirely, responsible for its success in the U.S. market. As Naughton et al. (2005) explain, a change of leadership at Toyota led to the abandonment of its "cooperative competition doctrine," as which outlined that Toyota's presence in the United States would not be that of a competitor whose goal was to overtake leading American car manufacturers such as GM. Instead, Toyota was to maintain a "respectful distance" in order to avoid arousing both public and political anger as a direct outcome of its appearing to undermine U.S. symbols, in this case, GM (Naughton et al., 2005). Therefore, even though it had the capacity and the potential to compete with GM and, eventually, to dominate the U.S. market, Toyota's leadership made the strategic decision to avoid doing so. Toyota's decision to forgo its "cooperative competition" philosophy is not, in its... ose aim was the weakening of the American economy and the strengthening of the Japanese one but, as a domestic manufacturer, an American automobile manufacturer whose origins happen to be foreign. Indeed, its decision to hire American managers in its U.S. plants and offices and to give itself a quintessentially American image facilitated public and political acceptance of it as a constructive addition to the American economy (Fujimoto, 1999). The implication here is that Americanization effectively annihilated the protective barrier which domestic consumers generally impose vis--vis foreign competitors whom they believe function as a threat to the health of the domestic economy and, by extension, to the livelihood of the domestic labor force (Fujimoto, 1999). That Toyota's decision to reinvent itself as an American company, to abandon its "cooperative competition" doctrine, is that one change which stands out as central to its recent successes on the U.S. market, is an opinion echoed by several (Taylor and Kahn, 1997; Fujimoto, 1999; Schonberger, 2001). Taylor and Kahn (1997) contend that success on the American market was not simply an outcome of its adoption of an American image,' but its highly successful embrace of the American management and competitive philosophy.  Ã‚  

How does Plantinga argue for the claim that belief in God might be Essay

How does Plantinga argue for the claim that belief in God might be properly basic Do you think his argument is good Do you think that the conclusion of his argument is true - Essay Example American analytical philosopher Alvin Carl Plantinga has also added some new dimensions to thoughts about rationality of belief in God by proposing the argument that belief in God is properly basic and needs to justification and evidenced from the other beliefs (Attridge, 2009). Plantinga divulged his philosophical views regarding belief in God and proposed his claim that the belief in God used to be properly basic depending upon the circumstances being faced by the individuals. He argues that there are certain circumstance when the belief in God in properly basic because certain circumstances compel the individuals to build faith upon certain things about God even if they do not find any support and reasons for those things from their other existing beliefs (Oppy and Scott, 2010). Plantinga referred to the classical thought that asserts that belief in God is always held in connection with other beliefs. He opposed this classical thought about the dependency of belief in God upon some evidences from other beliefs and claims that it is not always necessary because people do believe upon many things about God that are not verified and asserted by their other beliefs. He argues that believing in God does not require any argument. He made his claim in his article "Reformed Objection to Natural Theology" published in 1981. After the publication of this article there was strong wave of criticism and opposition was provoked especially from the philosophers having firm belief upon the arguments made by the classical philosophy. Through his claim and argument Plantinga has contributed to the epistemology called reformed epistemology in which he argues that the justification about the belief in God is not dependent upon evidence but it is properly basic and could be held regardless of other belief’s support to it. The argument poses by Plantinga has

Recording Interest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recording Interest - Essay Example Also, when the $60,000 loan was made, it had to be a personal loan because there was still no business to record the amount. But when the business begun, the $60,000 was recognized as a start-up capital and therefore, it should be recorded as part of the start-up capital. The proper accounting of the $60,000 loan is to record it as part of Current Assets (cash) in the asset portion and liability (loans) in the balance sheet of Ontime Delivery Service. It follows then that interest payment should be recognized by the business along with the repayment when the $60,000 is recorded as loan. The way the interest payment should be recognized in the book is through interest expense â€Å"and and the remainder of the payment reduces the principal amount of the liability. As the amount owed is reduced by each payment, the portion of each successive payment representing interest expense will  decrease,  and the portion going toward repayment of principal will  increase (Williams et al, 2005). Failing to record the $3,200 as interest payment would render the accounting of Ontime Delivery Service inaccurate because the $60,000 in effect will appear to be personal money the balance sheet when in fact it came from a

Crime and Poverty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Crime and Poverty - Research Paper Example The genesis of the crime Before reviewing some sources related to poverty and crime, it is important to determine the evolution and genesis of the crime. As mentioned above, poverty is a social phenomenon. This means that it is socially constructed. According to Obeidallah & Brooks-Gunn, the cases of crime have been rising drastically since the advent of agrarian revolution (1475). Crime is an activity that occurs when a person uses unaccepted means to solicit resources, money or to benefit him or herself. Poverty limits one from getting basic needs hence encouraging crime Inability to meet the basic needs is one of the major factors fuelling crime. A person who does not have means of making life comfortable or sustaining life would opt into engaging him or herself in activities that would enable him or her to acquire the basic needs. However, these activities are usually not socially accepted. They are classified as crime. Poverty is the main factor that limits people from using the legal means to acquire their daily bread. It does this by limiting the access to resources such as money that can be used to pay fees, access good schools and finish education. According to Hannon & DeFina, education is a means through which a person can get money and other resources necessary in offsetting the daily expenses that relate to life matters (53). However, because of poverty, some people would find it difficult to pursue their education to the expected level. The chances of such people getting employed become limited. Consequently, such people would have to opt into those activities that are not socially and legally accepted, crime. In a study conducted in Dubuque to find out the trends and perceptions of crime in conjunction with poverty, it was found... The intention of this study is crime as an unaccepted social activity that entails doing things or activities that are against the expectation of society. A number of studies related to crime and poverty have been conducted but most of them normally focus on these social phenomenons individually. Few researches have tried to find out the link between the two. However, none of the researches is comprehensive and intensive enough to explain the relationship between crime and poverty. From the foregoing discussion, it is clear that poverty play an important role in creating an environment that fuels crime activities. However, the discussion implies that there is no direct relationship between poverty and crime. This means that poverty fuel crime by limiting man from accessing resources that are necessary in development of an ideal life. One interesting idea that should be noted as far as poverty and crime is that crime is a short cut of meeting ones basic needs. It is closely related to lazy and poor people who cannot work hard through the normal legal and socially accepted process. This implies that the best way of mitigating the crime rate is by helping people navigate through their education so that they can acquire better ways of dealing with life challenges as well as better means of earning their livelihood. The discussion also implies that criminal justice system should not be handled independently because it does not provide long term solution to the crime rates. Conversely, combining the criminal justice system and the welfare system would bring a relatively long term solution to the rising crime rates

Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Coursework Example The principles of marginal costing are often used to determine how changes in the volume of output effects the overall profit by separating fixed and variable costs and considering them as two separate elements of the overall product cost. An important point to know about marginal costing process is that fixed costs are never charged to in determining the final product cost. Fixed costs are in such a case are considered to be a period specific cost. They are not added while determining the price of the product and consequently expensed in the profit and loss account in the period of use. Contribution is a term that is very widely every time marginal costing is used. Contribution can be defined as the excess of sales price or revenue above the marginal costs. Another way of explaining contribution is the amount of profit made be any fixed costs have been accounted for. In very competitive market environments firms often make sales on marginal costs in the short term. As long as marginal costs are recovered, firms continue production as marginal costs cover all variable costs of production. Any excess of marginal cost to the sales price in such a situation contributes to the fixed costs and ultimately the firms break even. Monopolists often price their products on marginal costing basis whenever they see a market threat. Making sales at marginal cost in the short term would allow them to lower their prices temporarily until their competitors are driven out of the market. Consequently they can price their products at marginal cost plus profit formula and continue to exploit customers from their position as the sole supplier. There are some criticisms of the marginal costing process which must be discussed. Decisions taken on marginal costing are based on data derived from historical information. However, decisions made by management accountants relate to the future events and it is not clear whether the past

Crime and Poverty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Crime and Poverty - Research Paper Example The genesis of the crime Before reviewing some sources related to poverty and crime, it is important to determine the evolution and genesis of the crime. As mentioned above, poverty is a social phenomenon. This means that it is socially constructed. According to Obeidallah & Brooks-Gunn, the cases of crime have been rising drastically since the advent of agrarian revolution (1475). Crime is an activity that occurs when a person uses unaccepted means to solicit resources, money or to benefit him or herself. Poverty limits one from getting basic needs hence encouraging crime Inability to meet the basic needs is one of the major factors fuelling crime. A person who does not have means of making life comfortable or sustaining life would opt into engaging him or herself in activities that would enable him or her to acquire the basic needs. However, these activities are usually not socially accepted. They are classified as crime. Poverty is the main factor that limits people from using the legal means to acquire their daily bread. It does this by limiting the access to resources such as money that can be used to pay fees, access good schools and finish education. According to Hannon & DeFina, education is a means through which a person can get money and other resources necessary in offsetting the daily expenses that relate to life matters (53). However, because of poverty, some people would find it difficult to pursue their education to the expected level. The chances of such people getting employed become limited. Consequently, such people would have to opt into those activities that are not socially and legally accepted, crime. In a study conducted in Dubuque to find out the trends and perceptions of crime in conjunction with poverty, it was found... The intention of this study is crime as an unaccepted social activity that entails doing things or activities that are against the expectation of society. A number of studies related to crime and poverty have been conducted but most of them normally focus on these social phenomenons individually. Few researches have tried to find out the link between the two. However, none of the researches is comprehensive and intensive enough to explain the relationship between crime and poverty. From the foregoing discussion, it is clear that poverty play an important role in creating an environment that fuels crime activities. However, the discussion implies that there is no direct relationship between poverty and crime. This means that poverty fuel crime by limiting man from accessing resources that are necessary in development of an ideal life. One interesting idea that should be noted as far as poverty and crime is that crime is a short cut of meeting ones basic needs. It is closely related to lazy and poor people who cannot work hard through the normal legal and socially accepted process. This implies that the best way of mitigating the crime rate is by helping people navigate through their education so that they can acquire better ways of dealing with life challenges as well as better means of earning their livelihood. The discussion also implies that criminal justice system should not be handled independently because it does not provide long term solution to the crime rates. Conversely, combining the criminal justice system and the welfare system would bring a relatively long term solution to the rising crime rates

Changing Roles and Responsibilities of HR Manager in Globalized Essay

Changing Roles and Responsibilities of HR Manager in Globalized Business Environment - Essay Example In order to cope up with such external environmental problems, adoption of globalization has become one of the one of the suitable options for different business organization. However, the proper application of this strategy is not an easy task for the management of the organization as there are a number of different issues related with the handling cross cultural business practices. This expansion of business at international level also enforce the organization to face some critical issues related with its human resource management such as conflicts among its employees, decreased morale and productivity of the employee, lack of proper co-ordination and team work within a culturally diversified team, and so on (Harzing, and Pinnington 2011). In regards to above discussion, the paper aims to find the role of a HR manager in managing and appreciating well diversify workforce render by an organization in existing highly globalized business environment. The paper work is focused on check ing the viability and effectiveness of different HR related perspectives related with cross cultural workforce management in the success and sustainability of the international business of a business organization.... e to liberalization across the world’s economy and increasing usage of advanced information technologies, the international business expansion has become quite preferable strategy undertaken by business organizations for addressing different business related issues. However, adoption of international business expansion strategy has also bring some intensive changes in the human resource related practices and strategies of the organization. Nowadays, the span of HR practices and responsibilities has become quite comprehensive. The main reason behind this trend is the increasing diversity in its workforce (Boone, and Van Den Bosch 1997). When a business organization expands its operations in a new geographical region, it becomes quite essential for them to use the local resources as it helps the management to be acclimatized with new business environment and reduce the total operating cost. In this context, the organization also has to hire human resource from the domestic marke t to undertake a better management and commencement of different business activities. The prime problem faced by the organization in this cross cultural hiring is that the working style, and cultural norms pursued by hired employees from local market is quite different with that pursued by the organization. As there are significant differences between organizational culture and practices followed by the employees, it becomes the prime aspect of HR practices to fill this gap. Due to the differences between what employees do and what the organization wants from them, the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the organization hampers quite intensively. In this regard, it becomes an utmost responsibility of HR department of the organization to manage the internationally diversified work force in

This computerized world Essay Example for Free

This computerized world Essay Now, in our society all over the world technology is the most important advancement, a necessity in bringing about progress as we move along in this computerized world. These changes in effectmake man’s life easier and more convenient. The relationship between the library and computer is constantly changing that the use of computer contributes to the way man learns and communicates. It easy in this world to strive for changes and since library is no different from any firm and institution, considering the use of computer to perform a given task will be efficient. The fast phased of technology attributed a lot to the improvementof the library system. Technology enabled software developers to computerize the librarysystem. The automated library system helped the academe greatly. Library, transactionsand queries can be created in a single click. Traditionally, library systems are implemented manually. Forms are given to librarian and they fill them of using pens. Computerized library system identifies the modern process of technology, on how it works quickly for the students and librarian. Pagadian Capitol College, base on the library system, the librarian and the library users still use the manual way of transacting of borrowing and returning of books. In the system we are going to make the manual library system into automated and computerized one. The manual library system is very costly, time consuming and tedious. Hence, computerized library system, the librarian can easily find the books of the student that they are looking for without going through the traditional way of searching a library material. And for the students, it can lessen the time and effort needed by them of the library. The implementation of the system will reduce the time and effort of the users in terms of adding, editing, searching, deleting and printing of records. The system can also help in reducing the expenses of the library such as papers, folders, pens and other materials needed in their current system. The objective of the study was to develop a computerized library system that will store the student’s basic information, books record, list of borrowers, returned books, borrowed books, and prescription of the librarian. The study was about the Computerized Library System for the BotolanCommunity College. The implementation of the system will reduce the time and effort of the users in terms of adding, editing, searching, deleting and printing of records. Thesystem can also help in reducing the expenses of the library such as papers, folders, pensand other materials needed in their current system. The system is LAN-based that enablesthe librarian to share the records of the student such as the borrowing books, returningbooks, search books, and prescriptions of the librarian. The student’s personal information/data may be stored upon the request of authorized librarian. The assignedlibrarians are the only one who can share any of the records/data of the students. Thesystem is not capable of sharing its data from other databases. The system will bedeveloped using the Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0. This study will be beneficial to the following: BCC Students . Through a computerized library system, they can easily find the booksthat they are looking for without going through the traditional way of searching a librarymaterial. Convenience is more visible for it is not time-consuming, resulting to a numberof accomplished works. Librarian. The computerized library system would improve the monitoring capacitiesof those who maintain the library. It would be easier to determine whether a particularbook is on-shelf or not. In addition, they can easily identify when will the borrowedmaterial be returned and if a borrower has failed to return the book on its due date. Furthermore, the librarian would be much guided when it comes to recognizing newinventory books, letting them arrange it promptly and accordingly. Related Literature Foreign According to Robson (2001), usability is a key requirement for users, says Elisabeth Robson, Product manager for Online Computer Library Center. The cataloguehas become a way to pull together disparate resources, including commercial resourcesand web links. management systems also allow circulation, including check in/check outand enable libraries to purchase materials and track where they are. According to Chad (2009), consulting is at a major point of change in the wider information economy within which library systems form part of a larger whole. He waswriting in a briefing paper about the study in library management systems. This studyexamined the systems used in higher-education libraries across the UK and came up withsome significant observations and recommendations. It noted that the LMS market in UKhigher education is already mature and that four main vendors (ExLibris, Innovative,SirsiDynix and Talis) have almost 90 percent of the market. This market maturity means,according to the study authors, that the benefits to libraries of changing LMS provider arelimited. Library users expect to find everything together says Stephen Abram, vicepresident for innovation at SirsiDynix, the leading provider of software solutions andassociated services for libraries. According to her traditionally, the library managementsystem or integrated library system (ILS) was responsible for running libraries efficientlyand effectively. Over the last few years, the role of the ILS has been expanding frommeeting library needs to delivering user experience. Local  According to Eden (2011), views that most libraries are forced to work with fewerstaff because of the having a more improved and modernized system for their library. According also to the study, the library administration need to emphasize to their staff that the organization has a vested interest in providing them with the tools and trainingthey need to assist the organization in the new information marketplace. These mayinclude search engines, circulation systems, and the online public access catalog. According to Lopez (2002), University of the Philippines Mindanao when UP inMindanao accepted its first batch of students in 1996, the Main Library collection wasintegrated with the core collection of the School of Management (SOM) Library at the Stanfilco Bldg. , Ladislawa Avenue, Buhangin, Davao City. The Filipiniana and GeneralReferences were housed together with the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) collectionin Room 2 of the Philippine Coconut Authority. In the Second Semester AY 1996-1997,the CAS Library moved to its main campus in Bago Oshiro. Upon the recognition of UPin Mindanao by the Board of Regents (BOR) as a constituent unit (CU) of the UPSystem, the CAS was split into two (2), namely: College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHSS) and the College of Science and Mathematics (CSM). The Main Librarytransferred to the newly renovated building where the main collection was set-up besidethe books of the CHSS and the CSM. In July 2002, the library established the LibraryEducational Media and Information Technology Office (LEMITO). The LEMITOhandles the audio-visual services, internet and the connectivity of the library. It currentlyholds office at the Elias B. Lopez Hall Dormitory. Later, the Main Library collectionwhich grew from 100 titles to 6,191 volumes at the end of May 2004, and was transferredto the Administration Bldg today, the Main Library occupies the former UP in MindanaoCultural Center (UPMCC) building. Related Studies Foreign According to Charuasia (2010), connotes the term library with use of automaticdata processing machines to perform routine library activities. It implies a high degree of mechanization of various routine and repetitive tasks operations and processes are leftto be performed by human beings. The study stresses library automation as theapplication of computers and utilization of computer based products and services in theperformance of different operations and functions or in the provision of various servicesand output products. In addition to computer advancement, telecommunication andaudio-visual technologies gives away to new possibilities in information processing. According to Back Bailey (2010), explored the design space of mash-uptechniques for the faultless inclusion of information from Web services into websites. They considered the cases where an Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) is either the target of such addition or the basis of the information being included. They focused on client-side techniques in which each user’s browser contacts Web services directly because this approach lends itself to the creation of HTML widgets. The widgets allowthe integration and customization of Web services without requiring programming. Theyalso described in detail the functionality and use of several widget libraries and Webservices we built. Although the specific requirements for (2010), explored the designspace of mash-up techniques for the faultless inclusion of information from Web servicesinto websites. They considered the cases where an Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC)is either the target of such addition or the basis of the information being included. Theyfocused on client-side techniques in which each user’s browser contacts Web services directly because this approach lends itself to the creation of HTML widgets. The widgetsallow the integration and customization of Web services without requiring programming. They also described in detail the functionality and use of several widget libraries andWeb services we built. Although the specific requirements for 13each system differbecause of their respective nature, all systems are designed to be deployable withminimum effort and resource requirements. This low entry cost, combined with theprovision of a high-level, non-programming interface, constitute two vital preconditionfor the broad adoption of techniques in libraries, which in turn has the potential to vastlyincrease the reach and visibility of their electronic resources in the wider community. Local According to Lou (1986), a survey on the computer application in 223 libraries inMetro Manila. The study revealed that they prioritize the three library functions to be computerized as cataloging, indexing, and circulation. However, the plans for automationfor the libraries cannot be implemented due to financial incapability of the libraries, andthe lack of funds from the government. Despite of this drawback, the libraries are notturning their backs unto the automation of their libraries. According to Agena (2008) made a study about the collection usage of thestudents of the Jose Rizal University in a period of three years using the quantitative andqualitative approach. The goal of the study is to assess the usefulness of the faculty of students to their library and it been revealed that it is generally important for them to goto the library for their academic needs. - Beijing Foreign Studies University Library Library temporarily by the Chinese branch, foreign language books, periodicals reading room and library office. Collection of literature covering Britain, France, Russia, Germany, the West, Japan, Arab and other 49 languages, literature more than 110 million copies total, 28 million copies of e-books, 1179 kinds of Chinese and foreign periodicals, nearly 11,000 of a variety of audiovisual materials , and foreign language electronic journal of nearly 26,000 species in 47 foreign language database, Own Special Database 4, the initial formation of the characteristics of language, literature, culture, primary data collection. In recent years, with the development of my subject construction, legal, diplomatic, economic, news and management literature also increased steadily. The library is located eight business and service sectors, a total of 53 staff, including Associate Research Librarian, Librarian 39. Libraries advanced ALEPH500 automated library management system to achieve the cataloging and retrieval of the museum and part of the Department of multilingual literature. Museum and National Library, as well as Peking University, the National Peoples Congress and other 40 University Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library interlibrary loan business, and the original delivery services provide CASHL and BALIS of foreign periodicals. In order to facilitate school teachers and students in off-campus access to library resources, the museum specially opened VPN remote access system. The overall goal of building 12 during the Beijing Foreign Studies University Library: the progressive realization of the collection features of the service information, specialization, and scientific management through active participation in the college literature resources to build a sharing system, and strive to build for the final documents of the domestic foreign language teaching and research support base and information service center, into a resource-rich, and diverse service, open and harmonious, the reader satisfied with international first-class research library.

Low ÃŽ- Irradiation Doses on Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Low Î’- Irradiation Doses on Saccharomyces Cerevisiae RESULTS OF LOW ÃŽ ²- IRRADIATION DOSES ON SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE FERMETATION PROCESS LetiÃ…Â £ia OPREAN1, Dan CHICEA2, EnikÅ‘ GASPAR, Ecaterina LENGYEL Abstract Four different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast samples were irradiated using a 90Sr nuclear source. The results of this ongoing study reveal that the small irradiation doses used in the work reported here produce measurable changes in the fermentation parameters and in the lipid and phospholipid levels. Key words: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, small doses, fermentation. 1. INTRODUCTION Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. Approximately 1500 species of yeasts have been described, most of which reproduce asexually by budding, although in a few cases by binary fission. Yeasts are unicellular, although some species with yeast forms may become multicellular through the formation of a string of connected budding cells known as pseudohyphae, or true hyphae as seen in most moulds. Industrial yeasts are of special interest for microbiology and biotechnology because they have a big content of lipids and phospholipids that are currently used in naturist products preparation. Nowadays, comprehensive research is being done with respect to the methods of obtaining lipids and phospholipids from lipid biocomponents, in order to identify new methods for obtaining liposomal substances, needed by the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and medical industry. At present, egg lecithin is being used instead but the use of this source has several drawbacks, such as for example the fact that it oxidizes easily. Eukaryotes (yeasts, fungi, algae) are the main microorganisms that produce lipids and phospholipids. Of great interest to microbiology and biotechnology are the researches conducted in the field of phospholipids synthesis, of obtaining phospholipids from microorganisms and of optimizing culture media for their cultivation. During the last decades, ionizing radiations have been investigated to determine their influence on living organisms. Radionuclides are released into the environment from various sources: nuclear accidents, as planned discharges from the nuclear power industry, disposal of radioactive waste, medical use, nuclear weapons development or recycling. Ionizing radiations are able to cause toxically and genetic effects on organisms, because radionuclides do accumulate in biotic and abiotic components of the environment [1]. Nuclear radiation can stimulate morphogenetic changes manifest in the early development stages [2], [3]. Nuclear radiation can directly disturb metabolic processes, such as photosynthesis, growth, plant respiration, active transport as well as ionic balance and enzyme synthesis [4]. The literature reveals that low doses of ionizing radiations can stimulate cell proliferation [5], [6]. In this study, we investigated the low doses of beta radiation influence on the four Sa ccharomyces cerevisia strings, mainly the influence on the fermentation process. The details of the samples irradiation and fermentation analysis are presented in sections 2 and 3. 2. SAMPLE IRRADIATION The samples were irradiated one at a time in an irradiation chamber that was build for this purpose. The hole in the upper part fits a glass tube than can be easily inserted and extracted. The tube is used to place the sample in the proximity of the beta irradiation source. The schematic of the irradiation chamber is presented in Fig.1. The dose debit through the glass tube, in the very location where the yest samples were placed one by one, was measured using a RFT KD27012 dosimeter with an ion chamber. Fig. 1 The beta-irradiation chamber The ÃŽ ²- source was 90Sr and decays by the scheme: (1) having Eà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢=546 keV, with a branching ratio of 100% [7]. The daughter nucleus, 90Y, is unstable as well. It decays by the scheme: (2) with the energies, branching ratios and half-lives presented in Table 1. Table 1 The ÃŽ ² energies, branching ratios and half-lives of the 90Y [7]. Eà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ (keV) Ià ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ (%) Half-life, hours 93.83 0.0000014 64.00 519.39 0.0115 64.00 642.77 0.0018 3.19 2280.1 99.9885 64.00 Four strings of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast samples were used. The first string, labeled SCP, was separated from Turkish yeast having the trademark Pakmaya. The second string was labeled SCO and was separated from yeast having the trademark Dr.Oetker. The third string, labeled SCSL, was separated from French yeast having the trademark Saff Levure. The fourth string, labeled SCH, was separated from Dutch yeast having the trademark Hollandia. Two sample of each string were prepared, having a suffix 1, for the control, nonirradiated samples and 2 for the irradiated samples. The yeast sample type, irradiation time and irradiation dosis are presented in Table 2 Table 2 The sample type, irradiation time and irradiation dosis Nr. Sample Irradiation time (h) Irradiation Dosis, (Gray) 1 SCP1 0 0 2 SCP2 5 12 3 SCO1 0 0 4 SCO2 5 12 5 SCSF1 0 0 6 SCSF2 5 12 7 SCH1 0 0 8 SCH2 5 12 3. Fermentation details Both the control and the irradiated samples were cultivated in Malt Agar. Malt Agar is used for isolating and cultivating yeasts and molds from food and for cultivating yeast and mold stock cultures [8], [9]. Malt Agar contains malt extract which provides the carbon, protein and nutrient sources required for the growth of microorganisms. Agar is the solidifying agent. The acidic pH of Malt Agar allows for optimal growth of molds and yeasts while restricting bacterial growth. The eight samples described above were subject to a fermentation process conducted in identical conditions, in an ECONOMY 20 fermenter. The temperature was maintained constant at 28 °C. The acidity was maintained at pH=5.8. The maltasic activity (which is defined as catalysis of the hydrolysis of maltose by an alpha-D-glucosidase-type action) and the CO2 emission were monitored for 96 hours [10]. The results of the fermentation activity, measured as CO2 emission and the maltasic activity measured at 24 hours interval are presented in Table 3. The CO2 emission at 24 hours interval is presented in Fig. 2 and the maltasic activity in Fig. 3. Table 3 Results of the fermentation activity Nr. crt. Yeast string CO2-24h maltasic activity 24 h CO2-48h maltasic activity 48 h CO2-72h maltasic activity 72 h CO2-96h maltasic activity 96 h 1 SCP1 0.5 780 1.5 810 1.3 800 0.3 760 2 SCP2 0.8 1220 1.6 1240 1.5 1200 0.5 1200 3 SCO1 0.7 840 1.3 850 1.1 830 0.2 820 4 SCO2 0.9 1280 1.7 1290 1.5 1280 0.4 1250 5 SCSL1 0.6 760 1.4 780 1.2 750 0.3 750 6 SCSL2 0.7 1190 1.5 1210 1.3 1160 0.3 1180 7 SCH1 0.7 860 1.4 920 1.1 900 0.4 850 8 SCH2 0.8 1230 1.6 1240 1.4 1220 0.2 1220 Fig. 2 The CO2 emission for the four Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strings Examining Table 1, Fig. 2 and 3 we notice that the fermentation process produced by the irradiated samples (batch having the suffix 2) is more intense, which is proved by the increased CO2 emission and by the increased maltasic activity. 4. Conclusions and discussions One of the efficient procedures to select high productivity yeasts is irradiating the samples with nuclear radiation. To our knowledge, results of ÃŽ ² irradiation on yeast have not been reported yet and the literature is poor in ÃŽ ² yeast irradiation [11]. Examining the results we can conclude that for all four Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strings the low 12 Gray ÃŽ ² irradiation dosis had a stimulating effect in respect of the fermentation process. The SCO and SCH strings had the higher stimulation effect. Fig. 3 The maltasic activity for the four Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strings We believe that the differences are produced by the yeast genome changes produced by à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ irradiation. The results of this ongoing study revealed that the small irradiation doses used in the work reported here produce measurable improvement in the fermentation parameters. Special care must be taken in evaluating the side effects of the à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ irradiation REFERENCES V.I. Kryukov, V.I. Shishkin, S.F. Sokolenko, Radiacionnaja biologija. Radioekologija, 36, 209, (1996). I.W. Mericle, R.P. Mericle, Radiat. Botany, 7, 449, (1967). D. Chicea, M. Racuciu, Romanian Journal of Physics 52, 5-6, 589, (2007). V.A. Sidorov, Naukova dumka, Kiev, (1990). Conter, D. Dupouy, H. Planel, Int J Radiat Blot, 43, 421, (1983). F. Croute, J.P. Soleilhavoup, S. Vidal, S. Dupouy, H. Planel, Rad.Res., 92, 560, (1982). LBNL Isotopes Project Nuclear Data Dissemination Home Page. Retrieved March 11, 2002, from http://ie.lbl.gov/toi.html Ewing, Davis and Reavis, Public Health Lab. 15, 153, (1957). MacFaddin, Media for isolation-cultivation-identification-maintenance of medical bacteria, vol. 1, Williams Wilkins, Baltimore, (1985). H. Kuriyama, W. Mahakarnchanakul, S. Matsui, H. Kobayashi, Biotechnol. Lett., 15 (2), 189, (1993). J. Kiefer, M. Ebert, Biophysik., 6, 3, 271, (1970).

Social Planning, Community Development, and Social/Community Action Ess

Social Planning, Community Development, and Social/Community Action A Community can be defined as a group of people who don’t just live in the same area, but also share the same interests, experiences and often concerns about the area in which they live. Often when individuals have lived on a street or in an area for a while they become familiar with each other and the issues surrounding them. Children often attend the same schools and grow up together, again sharing similar experiences. In some instances adults may work together, and quite commonly all community members will share the same doctors, dentists, hospitals, health visitors and other public services and facilities. Frequently however, issues arise amongst a community that need attention. In this essay I will outline and discuss some of these issues and the interventions, projects or programmes designed and used to tackle and combat them. The three models of intervention or, ‘Community Development’, I will discuss in this essay, "Social Planning", "Community Development", and "Social/Community Action", all have the same aim regardless of how it is accomplished and this is to improve and maintain the conditions which affect the lives of the community. ‘Social Planning’, is a model of development which can be described as, ‘Doing For’, the community. If it is perceived by government bodies that a community has sunk so low that is unable to be resolved by using alternative methods, (some of which will be discussed later in this essay), the government will intervene with methods deemed necessary. Initially a profile of a community will be drawn up using research methods, surveys and statistics that will highlight the issues faced by the community. Then a plan... ...ith rather than weakening it by doing for. Community development creates independence and an ability for a community to stand up and control, to an extent the factors that affect the lives, exactly what the intentions were in the first place. Social/Community Action while this appears affective in some instances it can become out of control and altogether unproductive. It is probably the most empowering model yet at the same time the most confusing if the aims, objectives and facts are unclear. Through the study of each of these models it is apparent that the best form of community development embraces all three Social Planning, Community development and Social/Community Action, and quite often community workers and practitioners do. Taking a piece from each model and using it at the appropriate time will be much more beneficial than using one single model.

Light Bulb, Invention and Purpose

In 1880, Thomas Alva Edison invented the incandescent light bulb and patented it. It’s an invention that has been around since the 1800's. This invention has significantly, affected society by allowing the world to create a comfortable com/%EF%BB%BFwhy-school-environment-is-important/">safe environment. Edison had come up with a 16-watt bulb that lasted for over 1,500 hours. Edison's light bulb needed improvements, and those improvements are the reason we have light bulbs today.The light bulb was invented by using a low current electricity, a small carbonized filament, and an improved vacuum inside the globe; this was not an original invention by Edison this was an improved invention by Edison from 50 years ago.Edison's bulb design had a pointy top but looked similar to the light bulbs you would see today. The socket was at the base, just as light bulbs used today. The electric light had a thin carbonized cotton thread filament sealed inside a fragile glass vacuum tube. The bu lb worked by passing direct current through the filament.Edison carried out experiments with over 6,000 filaments in order to pick the perfect one that would glow well and last a long time. He also tried many different materials and looked at the efficiency of different filament diameters, structures, and shapes.He looked at stranded and unstranded wired. He tried oval and horseshoe shaped filaments. he also determined whether to use a vacuum pump or remove air from the tube or to let the filament burn out until it was out of oxygen. Edison was able to produce a reliable, long-lasting source of light. The idea of electric lighting was not new, and a number of people had worked on, and even developed forms of electric lighting. If it hadn't had been for Thomas Edison we would be using candles, oil lamps, and gas lamps for light sources.Today the light bulbs are used in lamps, ceilings, car headlights, street lights, christmas lights, and much much more. The light bulb has evolved int o colored lights, compact fluorescent lamp(CFLs), and various other types.The impact of Edison's breakthrough was significant in the history if electric lighting. His work helped point future inventors in the right direction. The vacuum tubes are still used today, that captures the improvements of the invention that Edison put into action. It provided the industry with the bases of an efficient lighting system.

Fmcg Phd Thesis

PAPER – II MANAGEMENT Note : This paper contains fifty (50) multiple-choice questions, each question carrying two (2) marks. Attempt all the questions. 1. In which competitive structure, under industry equilibrium, Price = LMC = LMR = LAC = LAR condition prevails? (A) perfect competition (B) monopoly (C) monopolistic competition (D) duopoly 2. In the Cobb – Douglas production function, given as, A K a Lb , the sum of a b is equal to : (A) 10 (B) 100 (C) 1 1 (D) 3.In the equation pertaining to National Income, Y C S , the excess of income over consumption is depicted by : (A) Y (B) C (C) Y S (D) Y C 4. The long-run average cost curve takes the shape of : (A) Saucer (B) Inverted Saucer (C) Cone (D) Inverted cone 5. The four functions of infrastructure development under the PPP mode, namely, â€Å"Construct, Run, Possess and Sell-off† are popularly depicted by the acronym : (A) CRPS (B) (C) (D) 6. BOOT BOOM 7. 8.TEAM Organization synergy implies (A) More than propor tionate growth (B) Less than proportionate growth (C) Constant growth (D) Constant fall The two-factor model of motivation theory was propounded by : (A) Herzberg (B) Victor Vroom (C) Porter – Lawler (D) Maslow An approach to study of organizations that looks at an organization as composed of many inter – related parts making up an integrated work is : (A) Functional approach (B) Group approach (C) Systems approach 3 F1602 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. D) Oligopolist approach An organization design that treats the human resources as limited in capability and expects them to just confine to given roles, may be called as : (A) Organic design (B) Proactive design (C) Functional design (D) Mechanistic design The laissez – faire leader is also known as : (A) Democratic (B) Autocratic (C) Free – reign (D) Tree – trunk Under the present conditions and trends, which of the following statements is perhaps the most appropriate : (A) Human resources are expe nsive, while technology is cheap (B) Human Resources are expensive as Technology is (C) Human Resources are cheap as technology is (D) Human Resources are cheap, while technology is expensive BARS, Intra – mural activities, Bedeaux plan and golden handshakes, respectively, refer to certain aspects or components of : Retirement (P), Performance Appraisal (Q), Wage determination (R) and Welfare measures (S) as grouped in : (A) PQSR (B) QSRP (C) QRPS (D) PQRS High potential, but low performance employees may be branded as : (A) Stars (B) Question marks (C) Dogs (D) Answer sheets The ultimate remedy for disposal of an industrial dispute is : (A) Joint management council (B) Conciliation (C) Voluntary Arbitration (D) Adjudication The opportunity to be heard given to every parts to a dispute is necessary as per the principle of : (A) Mutual justice (B) Mutual benefit (C) Natural benefit (D) Natural justice In the valuation model, V C1 / ke g , the growth factor, â€Å"g† is assumed to be : (A) (B) (C) (D) Rising Constant Falling 17.Zero When discounted cash flows, instead of undiscounted cash flows, are used in payback period computation for a project, the resulting pay-back period is : (A) Longer 4 F1602 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. (B) Shorter (C) Unaffected (D) Varying The market beta is always : (A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) zero Of the two similar firms of the same risk-class and with same operating income, one employs debt capital of Rs. 50 mn. Given the tax rate of 30%, the value of the all-equity firm shall be poorer, compared to that of the levered firm by : (A) Rs. 15 mn (B) Rs. 150 mn (C) Rs. 1500 mn (D) cannot be said A credit policy of 3 30 , net 60 days, implies an annual interest rate of, taking 360 days? ear : (A) 90 % (B) 180 % (C) 18 % (D) 36 % Multilevel marketing links (A) Producers, intermediaries, wholesalers and retailers (B) Producers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers (C) Producers, retailers and consumers (D) Producers and c onsumers A personal communication method of product promotion is : (A) salesmanship (B) print media (C) television (D) advertisement Virtual marketing is the â€Å"future† which is facilitated by : (A) Customer relationship management (B) Channel management (C) Digital management (D) Internet and Information Technology A pricing strategy which is used to price a product high at the time of launching (A) Dual pricing (B) Penetrating pricing (C) Cost plus pricing (D) Skimming pricing Saturation, a stage to be managed effectively for continuing in the market, relates to : (A) Environment management (B) Product life cycle management (C) Logistic management (D) Channel management The prime concern of production layout is : (A) Process quality (B) Utility maximization 5 F1602 27. 28. 29. C) Smooth workflow (D) Line balancing Production management in respect of complex products involving many outsourced components, has to be fashioned like : (A) An integrated supply chain management (B) An independent production function (C) A mix of fragmented production lines (D) A mix of outsourced activities In assembly – line balancing, reducing the number of work stations is not preferred if it : (A) Reduces Idle time (B) Reduces work time (C) Increases work time (D) Has no impact on idle time The residual component in a time series under the multiplicative model is separated in : (A) Y T S C (B) (C) (D) Y TSC TSCR TSC T S C Y 30. 31. In a queuing system, the queue shall continue to grow when : (A) Arrival rate exceeds service rate (B) Service rate exceeds arrival rate (C) Poisson arrival pattern prevails (D) Idle probability approaches one The distribution in which the tails meet the horizontal axis only at infinity is : (A) Normal (B) Poisson (C) Binomial (D) Exponential The value of , bxy byx , is equal to : 32. 33. A) coefficient of determination (B) coefficient of correlation (C) coefficient of regression (D) coefficient of deviation Among these tests, the te st that tests the equality of means when three or more populations are involved is : (A) â€Å"t† test (B) â€Å"Z† test (C) â€Å"F† test 2 (D) test Even the best of MIS cannot be (A) Substitute for decision making (B) Supportive of decision making (C) Data mining and data processing (D) Data recording and retrieving World Wide Web (WWW) is not written as : (A) WWW 6 34. 35. F1602 36. 37. 38. (B) Web (C) W3 (D) 3W „Spy wars? is a term used in : (A) customer analysis (B) competitor analysis (C) attractiveness analysis (D) new product analysis Appealing to a broad spectrum of customers with a kind of product uniqueness is called : (A) Market niche strategy (B) Best cost strategy (C) Differentiation strategy (D) Cost leadership strategy Establishment of fully- owned new facilities and new operation undertaken by a company from scratch is : (A) Greenfield investment (B) International merger (C) International acquisition (D) Cross-border acquisition Which of t hese is not an obscene gesture? A) The okay sign in Brazil (B) A hearty slap on the back in Switzerland (C) Doing anything with the left hand in Saudi Arabia (D) Thumb between second and third finger in Japan GATT has been replaced by : (A) OPEC (B) WTO (C) NAFTA (D) ASEAN Making people stimulated to greater creativity through a group process is : (A) Brain storming (B) Checklist method (C) Brain writing (D) Big – dream method Find the odd one out from the view point of schumpterian creativity is regard to entrepreneurship : (A) intuitiveness (B) inventiveness (C) innovativeness (D) imitativeness Of these, the one that deals with exploring new business opportunities is : (A) Business venturing (B) Business scouting (C) Business resilience (D) Business tycoons A practice by which organisations spot, motivate and groom entrepreneurs either competitive or collaborative, from among employees, is known as : (A) intrapreneurship 7 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. F1602 45. B) entrapreneursh ip (C) extrapreneurship (D) contrapreneurship One of the external causes for sickness in small enterprises is : (A) Entrepreneurial misconduct (B) Deficient employee skills (C) Lapses and leakages in finance (D) Competition and globalisation Find out from the following, one term very closely associated with personal ethics : (A) accountability and responsibility (B) thoughtfulness (C) integrity and honesty (D) belief systems Find out the major reason for companies building strong ethics (A) Earning more profit (B) Building strong asset fortfolio (C) Avoid negative publicity (D) Muster shareholders support Financial dishonesty could be curbed and booked through promotion of : (A) Adherance to documented cash transfers (B) Enactment of more laws (C) Enhancing the severity of punishments (D) Code of conduct for Corporate Executives From the standpoint of personal choice, the least per capita carbon foot print effecting personal transportation alternative is : (A) Public transport (B) O wn car (C) Hired car (D) Auto rickshaw The scheme that strives to achieve women empowerment through gainful employment persuits is (A) Self Help Group Scheme (B) Home Guard Scheme (C) Single Girl Child Scheme (D) Marriage Gift Scheme 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. ——————— F1602 8 MANAGEMENT Paper – II Answer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 A C D A B A A C D C A B B D D 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 B A C A D D A D D B C A C B A 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 A B C A D B C A B B A A B A D 46 47 48 49 50 C C A A A 9 F1602

Compensation and Benefits Strategies Essay

A strategic plan for employee compensation determines how much you want to pay employees and what type of employees you want to attract. Your compensation plan entails a variety of aspects including pay scales, reward programs, benefits packages and company perks. A successful strategic compensation plan allows your business to compete in the market for the best employees in your industry (Lister, 2013). In order for this medium sized construction business to structure itself and be market competitive then research around benefits, compensation, merits, and the laws related to benefits and pay programs needs to be conducted. The success of the business will rely on the research put into it. Construction Market Evaluation When looking at the relevant labor markets the task was difficult due to the slowing and sluggish construction economy from 2007 to 2012. Demand in this industry depends heavily on the health of the economy. A midsize company’s profitability and efficient operations require the skills of experienced employees you will be able to work efficiently with available resources because they will not have the advantage of larger commercial construction companies with multiple projects simultaneously in various types of construction. The company’s annual net revenue is $10,000,000 and will need to use their resources wisely to attract and retain talent in the present market and in future expanded markets. When researching labor markets according to (Cascio, 2013), â€Å"This can often be a complex task because employers must pay attention not only to labor markets but also to product markets (e.g., level of demand and degree of competition). Pay practices must be designed not only to attract and retain employees but also to ensure that labor costs (as part of the overall costs of production) do not become excessive in relation to those of competing employers.† The job surveyed for this market evaluation was Corporate Construction Manager on a  national level for companies with 800 to 3,000 employees. The present workforce in this midsized business is 650 employees and they are looking to add over an additional 20% to the current workforce or an additional 130 employees. The company wants to be comparable to other commercial construction businesses as they expand in Arizona while being conscious of the compensation used currently in Detroit, Michigan. The median annual income for a Corporate Construction Manager in Detroit, Michigan is $104,626.00. The core compensation package is based on averages, not personal factors and will be different from those in Arizona. Here is the breakdown of the benefit package for a Corporate Construction Manager in Detroit; Core Compensation Expanding into Arizona, the median annual income for a Corporate Construction Manager is above average at $120,601. Here is a breakdown of what makes up the compensation benefits in Arizona; Core Compensation Median % of Total Base Salary $120,601 65.9% Bonuses $15,405 8.4% Value of Benefits Social Security $9,021 4.9% 401K/403B $5,168 2.8% Disability $952 0.5% Healthcare $6,507 3.6% Pension $8,704 4.8% Time Off $16,739 9.1% Total Compensation $183,099 100% The level of knowledge and skill requires 10-15 years of experience in the industry with a bachelor level degree. According to (Duchon, 2007), â€Å" When construction is booming in a region, and strong able-bodied workers are in short supply, hourly wages can escalate to attract labor from other locations. To attract and retain individuals with appropriate skills/competencies, organizations must be willing to pay competitive rates based on targeted labor markets (local, regional, and national). It’s the law of supply and demand.† Construction and Manufacturing industries are rewarded and paid for prescribed output, project completion, and measured  output. Any bonuses will range according to job level and specific weight based structure. When expanding into Arizona the company will need to consider the total company structure on a national level as they increase headcount and annual revenue. Compensation Structure The use of market pricing to determine wages and salaries is known as market based pay and utilizing this system would be the best practice for a competitive market segment such as construction and contracting. Especially considering the expansion to another region. According to WageWatch, â€Å"committing to a market base pay compensation structure means that employees will be paid at a competitive wage when compared with rates offered to people in similar positions in peer organizations (WageWatch, 2012).† Supply and demand, which rules over the labor market, further drives this approach. A properly designed market based pay system will facilitate companies by controlling compensation costs, enhancing market competitiveness, improving recruitment results, increasing employee morale, and achieving greater internal equity. However, in order establish and inevitably maintain an effective market-based pay system, one needs to know how to successfully match and integrate salary surveys with the company’s data, philosophies and practices. Internal equity is analyzed in a way similar to external market analysis in that the data determines worth relative to benchmarked job titles, but different in that the benchmarks are internally established. Internal benchmarks are particularly useful in evaluating both unique and hybrid job titles for which external benchmarks do not exist. Managing external and internal equity is a dynamic process that requires the organization to stay vigilant on changes in market conditions and business demands. The market based pay approach to compensation gives the influence of the external market on wages precedence over internal equity (WageWatch, 2012). The success of Corporate Construction is contingent on attracting and retaining the best talent needed to efficiently execute the company’s business strategy. Having the right pay structure is at the helm of this. And in recent years organizations have noticed a significant shift with the types of structures that work best. A new study by World at Work and Deloitte, â€Å"2012 Survey of Salary Structure Policies and Practices,† found that market-based salary  structures are the most prevalent type of pay structure in use (64 percent). While traditional and broadband structures are less common today (23 percent and 12 percent respectively). Companies of all sizes in varying industries are understanding the importance of market- competitiveness and are focusing on external equity to attract and retain top talent (Deloitte Consulting, 2012). Total Compensation and Benefit Strategy Performance Incentives and Merit Pay Merit pay, although not covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is still subject to other regulations and laws, up to and including city, state, regional and federal laws, mandates and regulations. Although not mandated by law, especially in Arizona, merit pay and performance incentives are an excellent way to motivate new and current employees to push for specific short and mid-term goals (Saari & Judge, 2004). In a new work environment, the key to growth is hiring and motivating the right employees. In a construction business, these goals can be broken down between the construction crews, and the support and admin staff. Implementing goals for the construction foremen and/ or project managers, and authorizing them sub-goals and incentive pay for contractors, subcontractors, and crews can give the right incentives for completing on-time, on-target, and within budget construction projects. Merit pay for those who work longer hours up to and including authorized overtime, or who complete safe, timely portions of projects within budget constraints will also boost performance without sacrificing quality. (HRHELP, 2011) Whatever benefits and pay program is chosen several laws must be considered. With the location, size of the organization, and projected revenue and personnel growth in the coming year, the following laws will apply. Remember that this is not an exhaustive or complete list, and there may be updates after the time of publication (Cascio W. F., 2013). The Arizona Employment Protection Act (A.R.S. 23-1501), Arizona Legal  Arizona Worker Act (ALAWA), and The Arizona Civil Rights Act (ACRA) are three of the main Arizona laws in particular that Clapton Commercial Construction must abide by. Any incentive, performance pay and compensation programs must be in concert with these laws. Federal laws, principally those to do with government funded construction projects include the McNamara-O’Hara Service Contract Act, Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (CWHSSA), Copeland â€Å"Anti-Kickback† Act, and Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act. These laws cover everything from properly instituting overtime pay to ensuring that employees receive the merit pay and other benefits afforded to them in a timely manner. (U.S. Department of Labor) References Arizona Attorney General’s Office. Employment Discrimination: Get the Fact. Phoenix: Arizona Attorney General’s Office. Arizona New Hire Reporting Center. (2009-2013). New Hire Reporting Law. Retrieved 12 07, 2013, from Arizona New Hire Reporting Center: https://az-newhire.com/law Arizona Senate Research Staf. (2007-2008). Arizona Senate Background Brief: Labor Laws. Phoenix: Arizona Senate Research Staff. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2013, December). http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes119021.htm#st. Retrieved from www.bls.gov. Cascio, W. (2013). Managing Human Resources; Productivity,Quality of Work Life, Profits. New York:McGraw-Hill. Deloitte Consulting LLP. (2012). Salary structure policies and procedures. Retrieved from http://www.worldatwork.org/waw/adimLink?id=65885 Duchon, M. (2007, June 1). Compensation; Total Reward Plans that Attrack, Retain, and Motivate.Construction Business Owner . Henderson, R. (2012, January). Employment outlook:2010-2020 -Industry employment and output projections to 2020. Monthly Labor Review , p.65-83. HRHELP. (2011). HR & employment Law Compliance Guide for Arizona Employers. HRHELP. Lister, J. (2013). Strategic Plan for Employee Compensation and Benefits. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/strategic-plan-employee-compensation-benefits-15613.html National Right to Work Legal Defense and Education Foundation, Inc. (2010). Right to Work Laws: Arizona . Retrieved 12 07, 2013, from National Right To Work Legal Defense Foundation:

Discussion Board Questions 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion Board Questions 3 - Essay Example mbine cognitive ability test with other methods such as biodata instruments as a way of ensuring that adverse effects of ethnic and racial differences are addressed. During the internal selections decisions, most organisations adopt assessment methods such as integrity tests and personality tests. On the other hand, majority of companies adopts simpler recruitment process such as interviews during the external selection. One of the major aspects that create this difference is the corporate culture. For example, during the internal selection, managers must notify the candidate about the evaluation process to avoid him or her becoming demotivated an aspect that can result to high rate of turnover. Internal and external selection decisions should be different to ensure that existing employees remain interested in their tasks. This should be attained by not emulating the rule of winner takes it all. Even though this rule is appropriate during external selection it can negatively affect existing employees since they may feel that their organisation is not giving them an opportunity to develop their career. One of the positive consequences associated with a high predictor cut off score is that it creates standards during the selection of the employees. By emulating a selection measure, organisations are in a position to select skilled manpower thus enhancing the productivity of a company. High predictor cut off score improves the image of an organisation in the sense that it makes it competitive thus attracting experienced and highly trained employees from other companies. In this way, strong team of human resource is achieved. One of the major advantages of sales approach in the presentation of a job offer is that it creates a good impression of the job and an organisation. This is attained by ensuring that recruiters and human resources managers behave like sales executives. In this way, the potential employees feel supported and respected an aspect that motivates

Module 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Module 6 - Essay Example Having built their reputation, Disney expected that it can easily penetrate the European market. Although there were other theme parks in Europe, the company’s reputation makes customer’s lack close substitutes. As matter of fact, Disney entrance in France, not only deployed the monopolistic advantages that existing companies but also increased competition in the region hence improving quality. Tourism industry in USA is always negatively impacted by the strengthening of the dollar. Reduction in number of tourist reduces Disney’s revenue significantly. To counter this, Disney opted to enter the European market. Research has shown that the euro and dollar strengths counter each other hence Disney can still capture their customers during dollar peaks. In a nutshell, Disney aimed at capturing tourists who are not willing to visit USA. Another motivating factor might be reduced costs of production. Although the cost French labor may not differ to US labor, capital is relatively cheaper. Moreover, France ought to be the best European country of their choice due to the availability of government subsidies on land. In accordance with the above, it can be concluded that Disney’s choice of France as an expansionary strategy increased its sales as well as customer base. However, Disney maintained its reputation by equally treating the new parks and not jesting on quality deliverance and customer satisfaction. In an effort to reduce US imports from japan, the US government threatened to impose a quota. The aim was to discourage Japanese from exporting to US and in response invest directly into the US economy, inform of FDI. In contrary, japan decided to withdraw their imports instead, hence making the US economy suffer. By 1981, there was great demand for cars in US. For that reason demand exceeded supply hence need

Application Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Application - Assignment Example Objective examination of the mentioned variables seeks to establish a relationship between the factors influencing teacher-student communication within a learning environment. The research article subscribes to the fact that student nonverbal responses are a desirable behavior among teachers in a college context (Malachowski and Martin 142). It acknowledges that all students will not engage in constructive communication through verbal means. In this regard, there is a need to understand how teachers can effectively use nonverbal communication in sourcing desired information from students. B. Theoretical Background Numerous studies suggest that students’ nonverbal responses influence a teacher’s degree of self-efficacy and job satisfaction. In addition, students respond differently to classroom instructions based on their perception on the instructing teacher (Malachowski and Martin 143). In this context, it is inherent to acknowledge the element of nonverbal immediacy d epicted by a teacher within a class room. Previous studies show that nonverbal immediacy influences students’ willingness to comply with a teacher’s instructions. On the other hand, the aspect of communication apprehension affects effectiveness of communication between teachers and students in college classrooms. High levels of Communication Apprehension, which involves an exaggerated sense of fear and anxiety, act as a negative influence on a teacher’s communications. Subsequently, students experiences discomfort and dissatisfaction whenever their teacher elicits substantial degrees of communication apprehension (Malachowski and Martin 143). Thorough evaluation of these variables within teacher population suggests existence of a relationship between them and the students’ nonverbal responses. In this regard, it is worth establishing an objective and reliable relationship between the variables mentioned above. Therefore, this research article provides a d etailed analysis on the quantitative nature of relevant variables within a learning setting. II. Description of Research Results a) Nonverbal Immediacy The entire study inclines towards hypothesis containing paired variables regarding teacher’s perception on students’ nonverbal responses, and their individual patterns in nonverbal communication. On the aspect of nonverbal immediacy, results depict a positive relationship between instructor’s perception on nonverbal immediacy and their perception on students’ nonverbal responsiveness. Quantitative analysis of the variables yields a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.56 (Malachowski and Martin 146). Theoretical knowledge ascertains that nonverbal immediacy influences the physical and psychological distance between communicating parties. In learning, instructors displaying minimum physical and emotional contact with their students receive more and objective attention compared to those eliciting behavioral arousal and attention among students. b) Confirmation Behaviors The second hypothesis relates the variable of confirming behaviors and the instructor’s perception on students’ nonverbal responses. Quantitative analysis yields a Pearson coefficient of 0.33, which suggests existence of a positive relationship between the two variables. Confirmation behaviors refer to instructor’s perception on students’ perception concerning their resourcefulness, significance and acknowledgement within a classroom. The relation coefficie

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business ethics - Essay Example The paper tells that the 21st century workplace is a dynamic one and throws new scenarios and challenges every day. There are numerous ethical problems that arise and the decision making needs to be supported by strong ethical principles for everyone involved to be benefited. There are various ethical principles ad theories that have been discussed in great detail in theory and these needs to be applied in every day decision making. Moral and ethics is not always about being right/wrong or true/false but has numerous other considerations and factors such as feelings, preferences, resolutions, demand and many more. The details of the case: the researcher has been working as housing officer with a housing department for two years. During this time the researcher has developed a close friendship with John who is a manager of a local hostel. There had been an opening in my department and John had told me that he would apply for the position. He fears that his current job is at risk as hi s organization has financial difficulties. As the current opening in the researcher’s department needed a degree qualification, the researcher had figured that John would not get the position as he did not have a degree. But the researcher found out yesterday that John has got the job and one of the main reasons for it is his claim that he has Business administration degree from a top British University. The researcher believes John has lied in his application and interview.... Employee loyalty, moral obligation/duty, obedience, honesty, legal responsibility, etc are the various ethics involved in this response. This response is in accordance to the moral theory of obligation. One of the most basic elements of the moral fabric of our society is not to lie. It is very clear that John has lied in order to get the job. This is not just a lie but also a fraud and deception. Fraud and deception of any form violate ethical custom and law (SAGE, 2011). Any responsible citizen of a society, irrespective of being an employee of the organization or not, has a moral obligation to the society to stop or act such incidents that affect the value system of the society. Such incidents if not acted upon set a bad example in the society. So even if I was not an employee of the company, it would be my responsibility to bring the issue to the notice of the concerned. As mentioned above it is the moral duty, not just in an organization but in our society, to tell the truth. Mos t ordinary rule of â€Å"ethical custom† is telling the truth (Snoeyenbos & Humber, 2001). If an employee is aware of a lie that is been told to his employer, then the rule of ethical custom imposes a moral duty on the employee to tell the truth. Knowing about the lie and not reporting would question my honesty. Even though I am not directly involved, I would still be dishonest if I don’t act on this issue. Also I owe my loyalty to my employer. As every employee expects his employer to be loyal to him and take care of his needs and necessities so do the employer. Employee loyalty is a legitimate and coherent concept. Organizations expect employees to be loyal to the organization and vice versa. Simple obligations of loyalty that come with a job are to act in such a