Financial Planning By Considering Personal Financial Needs - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3671 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? We know that the conditions of an economy do not remain static. The factors which influence it keep on changing. The rate of flow of funds also, changes with time in an economy, so people have funds available in different strengths at different moment of time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Planning By Considering Personal Financial Needs" essay for you Create order It affects the lives of people living in that economy because to satisfy their needs they require funds. People always feel a gap, positive or negative, between their needs and required funds. So they do their financial planning. In this project we have tried to find and analyse how and in which ways people are doing financial planning in the prevailing market situations. We have also tried to find the awareness of people about current market situations, awareness of financial planning among them and their interest area of investment. Financial Planning is not a very new concept in India. It had been in practice in earlier social systems also. In the past also, people used to do this in some ways. They used to purchasing pieces of land, jewellery and keep these with them for their bad days. Some of them kept their saved money with so called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Mahajanas who used to acting as banker. Though people in the past were involved in some kind of activities related to the ir financial planning, yet they were not very conscious and aware of the thing and were not doing this very actively. It was so because the joint family system was there in the society and also the economic conditions, in the country, were almost static and not as turbulent and volatile as in current scenario. So people did not feel so much insecure. But after industrial revolution, things started to change. People started to move towards cities in searching of new earning opportunities. This leaded to a dynamic economic condition in the country and a change in family structure in the society. This thing has been continuing for years in the country and today we can observe increasing number of nuclear families and varying economic conditions here. The needs of a person and his consumption habits have also changed significantly. Further, the priorities and these needs of a person also change with change in his life stage. So financial planning has become more relevant and impor tant in current market scenario. But, How many persons are there who understand the meaning of financial planning? How many of them are actively doing it? In which ways are they doing their financial planning? These are some questions we need to find answers so that we can conclude to a result and can act accordingly. We have tried to find the answers of these questions in this project. Personal Financial Success: The Six-Level Pyramid  Ãƒâ€š Using the six-level pyramid to help explain the various building blocks to financial success helps to reveal the development of financial planning and indications, at each level, if instruments that might be considered. At the first level of the pyramid, there are four stages that need to be considered. Before any phase of an action plan can be implemented, an individuals current situation must be determined. One must evaluate their personal income because the amount of money a makes directly affects the amount that person can save. After all debts and living expenses are subtracted form income, one can know how much to put in savings every week, month or year. The amount one puts in savings is very important. This will have bearing on a spouse, children, and retirement life. Saving money should become a top priority in the financial planning realm of life. Goals are another important factor in financial planning. Without goals, a person has nothing to strive for, nothing to loo k forward to. This should come with ease during the implementation of a financial action plan. Career choice plays a major role in ones ability to live at a certain level in society. There are many factors to consider when making a career choice. They include personal factors, social influences, economic conditions, and trends in the industry. A person must consider these things when deciding on a career if they want to have long-term success in any given profession or calling. Keeping good records and being organized is a necessity for a person with a successful financial action plan. After receipts have been found, invoices filed, and check numbers recorded, one can develop a budget. A budget simply allocates income to different areas of spending. For example, one family may spend two hundred and fifty dollars per week on groceries, while another only spends one hundred per week. A budget can be done on a weekly, bi-weekly , or monthly time frame basis. An important part of an overall budget is taxes. Taxes, in general, include federal and state, occasionally county expenses on land ownings and other purchases. A person should be fully aware of how to calculate their taxable income and on how to get help with taxes. The second level of the pyramid involves managing. The absolute first way to begin with money management is to get the money out of a pocket ( or from under a mattress ) and put it into am interest-bearing account. Before this can be done, however, the best bank suitable to a persons needs mus be located. To do this, one must evaluate the different banks rates, fees, and other factors such as number in branched in the area and the services offered. One should examine the gains and losses of having a checking account as well. Credit is a way of life for million of American today. In my opinion, one must be very cautious when choosing whether or not to use consumer credit. There are almost always hidden costs and consumer traps ready to suck a trusting person in. One should be aware of possible credit mistakes and try their best to avoid them. Also, spending far above ones personal income level can become a major problem if taken advantage of. In the market for loans, the most enduring statement is to Shop Around! A person will never know what could be gotten until they try to look for the best deal. One should be aware of the fluctuation of interest rates and the affect that they will have on the principle amount of money borrowed. The third level of the pyramid illustrates the major purchasing decisions in life. Should I buy that shiny new Mustang on credit or save that money for a down payment on a home in a nicer neighborhood? The allocation of personal funds is one of the most harrowing sets of decisions a person will ever make. The decision to purchase a home is in this set. This will probably be the most expensive purchase one will ever make. One should be sure that the purchase of a new home is not o utrageously out of his or her income range and that it meets all of their needs. The second most important purchase would be that of a new vehicle. A car purchase can be an exciting time. Since cars are seen as status symbols in society today, most people attempt to buy one that they cannot afford. This can be ruining to credit and make daily expenses much harder. Day to day existence in todays society can be dangerous if a person does not have adequate insurance coverage for self, spouse, and children ( if any ). The fourth stage of the pyramid deals with the adequate amount of insurance. How much is too much or too little? Risk management is a major factor in this. For example, a race car driver is not going to get a good a rate of insurance as a middle aged accountant. Factors such as car accidents, speeding tickets, safety measures taken, and daily activities such as smoking or drinking all affect the amount different types of insurance will cost an individual. After life insurance, I believe that the next necessity is to have automobile and home insurance. These are the two most likely things that someone might have to call on insurance to cover. Health care and disability insurance truly comes in to play when one has a family, nut possibly when single if severe illness occurs frequently. Finally in the fourth level, a value must for life insurance must be chosen. This is directly affected on who will be left depending on money received from your life insurance. This insurance money can be left as a legacy, as a help for funeral expenses, or even a gift from the deceased. The fifth stage of this financial planning pyramid is about investing. There are four fundamental ways that one can invest. They are stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real estate. Stocks are divided into two main categories, common stock and preferred stock. Common stock makes money by dividing the value of an investment three ways: income from dividends, dollar appreciation of t he stock value, and stock splits. Preferred stock is similar to common stock. However, with preferred stock, the investor receives his/her cash dividends before the holders of common stock receive theirs. There are a number of factors that enable investors to evaluate the value of any certain stock. One can read daily newspapers, and gain information from professional in the stock market field. Bonds are divided into two main categories as well. A corporate bond is a corporations written pledge to repay a specified amount of money plus interest gained over a specific period of time. This total is referred to as the face value of the bond. Corporations issue bonds in order to have available monies to finance expansions, takeovers, etc. This is referred to as debt financing for a corporation. The other type of bond is one that is issued by the federal, state or a local government agency. The bonds that the federal government sells are referred to as treasury bills, notes, bonds, or sa vings bonds. These are used to finance the national debt and for the governments everyday activities. A municipal bond is one that is issued by a state or local government. All three of these types are said to be generally risk-free. As a financial planner, I would advise my client to seriously look into bonds. Mutual funds are unique in the fact that there is diversification of the purchased portfolio. A persons money goes into a large pool, which a company then invests in many different stocks. The last type of fundamental investing is Real estate. There are different types of real estate investments. For example, your home can be an investment if handled properly or one can purchase commercial property for resale only. The sixth and last stage of the pyramid involves retirement and estate planning. Taking steps now to ensure that a person has money during retirement is particularly important. This should be linked in with the amount of money chosen to save in part one of the f inancial planning program. Last of all, one must know a little about estate planning. There are legal and personal aspects of this matter. Estate planning is the plan for the disposition of ones property during ones lifetime and at ones death. Legally, everyone needs to have a last will and testament to ensure that their properties are distributed accordingly. A lawyer usually needs to be consulted on this matter. In summary, the most important aspect of financial planning is just what it states-PLANNING. A great deal of money can be gained and saved if the correct methods are incorporated into a persons everyday life and activities. OBJECTIVES We have conducted the study taking following objectives in our concern: To understand customers awareness about current market/ economic scenario. To understand customers awareness about financial planning. To understand how customers do their financial planning. Capture reasons for doing / not doing financial planning. Understand the key areas where investments and savings are made and rational reasons behind the same. Review of Literature Jim Gewert Named Executive Vice President of Worldwide Finance, Planning and Systems for Warner Bros. Home Entertainment Group An industry leader since its inception, WBHEG oversees the global distribution of content through packaged goods (Blu-ray Disc and DVD) and digital media in the form of electronic sell-through and video-on-demand via cable, satellite, online and mobile channels, and is a significant developer and publisher for console and online video game titles worldwide. AGL Resources; AGL Resources To Webcast 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 27 During the meeting, AGL Resources Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer John W. Somerhalder II will provide an update on the companys financial and operating performance and its business strategy. 2010 MAY 1 (VerticalNews.com) AGL Resources (NYSE:AGL) will webcast its annual meeting of shareholders on Tuesday, April 27, at 10 a.m. Eastern Daylight Savings Time. During the meeting, AGL Resources Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer John W. Somerhalder II will provide an update on the companys financial and operating performance and its business strategy. The meeting will be held at the AGL Resources corporate headquarters at Ten Peachtree Place in Atlanta. Solutions Financial, Llc; Actfinancially.com Launches Personal Financial Planning Website The site includes personalized financial planning, budgeting, goal-setting tools and reports, a library of information and resources, blogs, tips, financial coaching help to manage money and community features such as forums, message boards and live chat for guidance and support. Financial Planning Steps Needed Now to Prepare for Health Care Bill Outcomes Even though the bill is still a few years from implementation, its not too soon to consider several financial planning strategies now to mitigate significant tax increases for the wealthy and the potential for increased borrowing costs for earners of all income levels, Kahler advises. Walking the Walk: A Financial Planner Teaching His Children In an interview, Daniel M. Stern, CFP, with his children, Lily and Benjamin, talked about financial planning for his kids. Stern said theyve been doing it two years now, since right after they talked. Looking at the idea of an allowance as something you give to the children; you dont base it upon work that theyre doing. Its so they can learn how to handle money and get a sense of the value of money and what can be done with it or not done with it. When it came to charity, they were trying to do it every week, but its not that big of an amount to give. Ben thinks its great. It gives them experience to know how to handle money. Lily also thinks its really good. Stern added that toward the last part of the year they had to adopt a spending moratorium. He thinks in todays society theres a huge amount of materialism. Lessons from Her Father Its no surprise that 30-year-old Kimberly Allman has her finances in order. Her parents guidance dovetailed with her own financial self-discipline. A Cornell Law School alum, Allman uses her financial sensibilities in two jobs: as manager at a nonprofit that helps homeowners avoid foreclosure, and as president of Allman Financial Planning LLC, her own personal finance consultancy. Allmans father helped to shape her relationship with money. Allman who is single, now follows her fathers example when she doles out advice to clients regarding debt, credit scores, and investments, among other concerns. In addition to her law degree, Allman has a bachelors in psychology and political science from Duke University, and shes set to receive a certificate in financial planning from Boston University this spring. While in school she avoided frills and kept expenses to a minimum. To reach her current level of financial security, Allman resisted shopping for handbags and jewelry. Money on Your Mind: The Brains Role in Financial Decision-Making The sophistication of modern civilization masks the fact that the brains have evolved little since the Stone Age. The neural programming of human beings was optimized for physical survival, not contemporary challenges such as financial decision-making. The human brain has separate, dedicated centers for coping with situations that present imminent danger or attractive rewards. When triggered by highly stimulating personal or financial events, these centers can cause the brain to react reflexively, dampening the ability to think analytically. Technology gives people ready access to their credit, savings, and investment accounts. Unfortunately, this access makes it easier for people to act upon impulsive financial decisions. This paper examines a case study to demonstrate how perceived financial dangers or rewards can unconsciously trigger emotions that override their rational decision-making. Financial planners also can help their clients develop new methods to read to financial sit uations in a more analytical manner that is consistent with the clients primary values. A House Divided: Americans Have Two Distinct Views Of Retirement The financial turmoil of the past few years has taken a huge toll on Americas confidence about the future and apparent readiness for retirement, said Jamie Ohl, senior vice president and director of The Hartfords Retirement Plans Group. The Planning Dynamic But The Hartfords research shows that people who have taken the time to plan their retirement are generally in a better place financially and are significantly more optimistic about the future than those who have not planned, Ohl said. OppenheimerFunds Survey: When It Comes to College for Their Kids, Women Drive the Planning Process But Many Take a Back Seat on Finances Later College funding is an issue for women in college, after college and for decades after, for both parents and students alike. Because women outnumber men on college campuses by a factor of almost three to two, women pay the price literally and figuratively for poor college financial planning, frequently dropping out or graduating with debt that can cast a shadow over much of their adult life, affecting even their ability to retire, Winn said. The Financial Planning Association(R) of Arkansas iShares* Make $20,000 Contribution to Arkansas Aspiring Scholars Matching Grant Program For more information about the iShares 529 Plan, contact your financial advisor, call 1-888-529-9552 or visit www.ishares529.com to obtain a Program Description and Participation Agreement which includes investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other important information; read and consider it carefully before investing or sending money. If you are not an Arkansas taxpayer, consider before investing whether your or the designated beneficiarys home state offers any state tax or other benefits that are only available for investments in such states qualified tuition program. METHODOLOGY Methodology is a strategy that guides a research in providing answers to research questions and for which, research survey is being done. This study has been carried in the following manner:- Methodology Adopted Questionnaire Design: The questionnaire was prepared covering the details about the client and the above objectives. The questions were designed in an easily understandable way with the help of (Miss. Nancy sahni ) that the respondents may not have any difficulty in answering them. The questionnaire also contained a comments section. This section was included so as to get opinion of the people. Random Sampling: Sampling can be defined as a part of population. Thus random sampling may be defined as the selection of a portion from the whole population in which each elements of the population has an equal chance of being selected. In this research survey people were surveyed at random to get the relevant information. Sampling Techniques: The sampling techniques used in this project are probability sampling techniques and the methods used in cluster sampling. Sampling Unit: The respondents who were asked to fill out questionnaires are the sampling units. In this survey these comprise of Govt. Employees and Self Employed persons. Sample size: The sample size was restricted to only 100 people between age group more than 25 years which comprised of mainly peoples from the area where the survey was conducted. Data Collection: Structured Questionnaire: In this part of data collection, structured questionnaire was used as a tool by asking a set of standardized questions which answers we needed to know. Interpretation: Interpretation refers to the task of drawing inference from the collected facts after an analytical study. The simple statistical tools are used to analyze the data collection. Bar Graphs and pie chart have been used to illustrate the findings diagrammatically. AREA OF SURVEY https://www.radhasoamiji.in/images/map.jpg The survey was conducted in a village BEAS and Mehru which is situated in kapurthala district in Punjab. Though it is a town of almost 40,000 people yet its market caters the need of a large customer base which comprises of people, in addition to the town people, living in several villages that surround the town. It is situated near the BEAS river and second near Phagwara, so people from other side also come here for shopping. This is a reason that a big part of population here is involved in business and related activities. A good number of service class people are also present here, because of working of several Government organisations in the town. Block Office, Subdivision Office, Seema Suraksha Bal, Registration Office, Banks, Food Corporation of India, Irrigation Department, Public Work Department, Govt Schools, Municipal Office and also some other departments are working here. In financial institutions here these are pre sent: State Bank of India (CBS) Punjab National bank of India (CBS) Bank of India Life Insurance Corporation of India ( Satellite Branch ) Bajaj Allianz LIC Co LTD ( Branch Office ) Rahika Co-operative Bank ( Branch Office ) Sahara India ( Branch Office ) Some other institutions like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Birla Sunlife, Reliance Life Insurance, ICICI Prudential also work here controlling their activities from Main branch. LIMITATIONS The report is prepared on the basis of responses given by the respondents and is confined to the area of survey, so it does not necessarily show a pattern applicable to other areas also. Some respondents were reluctant to divulge personal information which can affect the validity of all responses. In a rapidly changing environment, analysis on one day or in one segment can change very quickly. The environmental changes are vital to be considered in order to assimilate the findings.

The Importance Of Clean Drinking Water Pollution - 2357 Words

Abstract The sustenance of safe and quality drinking water is increasingly becoming an urgent priority due to global pollution. It means that maintaining clean drinking water requires effective policies, regulations, and acts that identify, document, and eliminate health risks in all potable water sources. Water pathogenic microorganisms must be understood and identified in water sources because they have a relationship with acute and chronic illnesses. Surface water could quickly change because of human waste, chemicals, and organic nutrients. Water disease outbreaks could occur due to inadequate water treatment facilities, illegal dump sites, and outdated water lines/infrastructure. Policies made across the world must include the goal of†¦show more content†¦According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a drinking water quality value represents the constituent concentration that results in no health risk to a consumer over an extended period of consumption. It must be sustainab le for human consumption. Guidelines available must be followed to ensure clean water supply for the consumers. When enforcing government acts the local, socioeconomic, geographical, and cultural factors are accounted within the acts. In each country relevant authorities must look at all considerations when setting policies concerning water quality issues. The matter of water quality maintenance must include everyone because leaving them only to agencies of water control may lead to a conflict of interest (WHO, 2004). Water analysis alone cannot maintain clean water and combined with periodic review and policy compliance is vital. Reviewing and acceptance of any type of water treatment facilities form a necessary basis for the maintenance of quality drinking water. According to the WHO, quality drinking water contains no pathogens and bacteria indicative of fecal matter and that regular water samples should be taken and examined to ensure good quality drinking water. The presence of Escherichia Coli in water is a potential indicator of fecal matter. Clean drinking water must not contain any trace of bacteria once the sample is analyzed. The provision ensures that, quality, pathogen free

Punk Rock free essay sample

Although Rock and Rolls most promising performers are gone, the rock and roll music still lived in the early sass, constantly adapting and creating different kinds of music, and still, rock and roll lived by its successors like Elvis Presley, a legacy was born and still adored by many rock and roll music enthusiasts. And later, the famous groups like The Beetles and Led Zeppelin emerged from the rock music scene in United Kingdom, but, at the progress of the continuously evolving rock and roll, a new genre was developed, one of the first submerges of rock and roll music and garage music.Punk rock music became a huge success around the world in the late sass (Yule, 201 0), with its fast, trashy, and rebellion-like lyrics; indeed, Punk is a revolution and a success to the audience, which was adored by many Punk rock fanatics by the time of its formation, 1969, until the present Punk rock music. Punk Rock adds another chapter in the long list of independent concepts and ideas within the American Culture. â€Å"America marches to a different drummer. Its uniqueness is explained by any or all of a variety of reasons: history, size, geography, political institutions, and culture. † This type of â€Å"American† thinking continues to inspire all kinds of musicians, but more so with the Punk Rock genre than any other. It was defines the core competencies of the bands, as well as that of their followers. This defining concept of individualism is also why Punk Rock has stayed relevant for all of these years. This country was built off this impression, as well as Punk Rock. It is hard to break down the barrier of individualism, because everyone is so unique, and Punk Rock simply unites and celebrates all different types of unique thinking. Through lyrics from bands such as the Romones, Blink 182, and The Clash, a colossal following came to Punk Rock. The lyrics almost became anthems to band groupies lives. In â€Å"The Shape of Things to Come† by the Romones, they sing â€Å"Theres a new sun Risin up angry in the sky? And theres a new voice Sayin were not afraid to die. One could argue that that way of thinking was backbone for what soldiers in the American Revolution stood for, and how the United States became to be what it is today. Of course American exceptionalism has its negative aspects to it that can be looked down upon. The United States has at times been exceptionally bad, racist, and violent. This cannot be ignored in the conversation of American exceptionalism. Although some of this demonstrates unfair and harsh governing, it shows that the American spirit still have that Punk Rock â€Å"drive† in them that fuels and strengthens them. This is also another reason why Punk Rock has, and will always continue to stay relevant in todays American Culture

Thesis Statement Is Mozarts Requiem Mass free essay sample

Thesis statement is Mozart Requiem Mass reveals not only a mastery of musical imagery, but also the composers own views about life and death. Introduction Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Is one of the most talented composers of all time. The Requiem he composed in 1 791 was the last composition he worked on before his death. The Requiem is the most performed and studied pieces of music history and the story of the mysterious commission of Mozart Requiem is a well known. The Requiem Mass reveals not only a mastery of musical imagery, but also the composers own view about life and death. ContentWolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born January 27, 1756 In Salisbury to Leopold and Marl Anna Mozart. He was the seventh and last child to be born and only the second to survive, along with his older sister Manner. At an early age, Mozart had a gift with music. He began to compose at age five and In 1761 made his first public appearance with his father. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis Statement Is Mozarts Requiem Mass or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Leopold was proud of his sons many gifts and paraded Mozart around Europe to perform at concert halls and courts. Even though throughout his childhood Mozart was often bed ridden with illness, he would compose and return to touring once his illnesses let up.In fact, Mozart was always composing, no matter where he went. One account from Mozart hairdresser states that Mozart carried a small notebook with him to Jot down ideas and notes as they came and went. To better understand the events of 1791 It Is Important to understand other critical events In Mozart life. On August 4, 1782, at the age of 26, Mozart married Constance Weber at SST. Stephens Cathedral In Vienna. Nine years later, Mozart died in 1791 at the age of 35. Before his death, Constance gave birth to their sixth child Franz Xavier Wolfgang.Franz, however, was only the second child, along with Karl, to revive; four died in infancy. After Mozart death, Constance married George Noises. Constance died in 1842. Unfortunately, Karl and Franz both died before having legitimate children to carry on the Mozart family name. Various sources recall the events in 1791 leading up to Mozart death. The story begins with Count Franz von Wallets, who commissioned a requiem mass for his wife Anna who died at age 20 at Chutzpahs Castle In Austria on February 14, 1791. Wallets often composed his own work, and he and his wife performed concerts for the people of his manor.Wallets was known for using ghost writers. He would commission works from famous composers and pay a good sum for them. He would take the complete work back to Chutzpah, recopy all the parts by hand and house claimed that they were always aware that Wallets was deceiving them, but played along for enjoyment. Annas death would require a large scale, glorious requiem mass. Naturally, Mozart help would be needed; he would be the ghostwriter. In the early summer of 1791 a gray messenger appeared at the Mozart apartment in Vienna with an unsigned letter.The author of the letter stated that a requiem mass was to be composed for a man who would remain anonymous, UT who would like a loved one to be remembered. The letter asked Mozart to respond and state a desired sum in writing; the messenger would respond shortly. After discussing the matter with his wife Constance, he decided to accept the offer. The messenger returned with the amount Mozart requested, a sum of around 30 ducats, and promised more money when the requiem was completed. The commissioner did not request any specific form the mass should take, and this became Mozart decision while composing.He chose the traditional form with the Dies Aria (Latin hymn sung in s Mass for the dead) as the Sequence. The writing of the Requiem was interrupted when Mozart traveled to Prague after the birth of his second son Franz Xavier Wolfgang Mozart. In Prague he performed his latest Opera La Clemency did Toto (written for the coronation of Emperor Leopold II). After returning in late September, Mozart continued writing. He had laid out ideas in a form called participle which are his brief sketches of music (referred to by Constance as little scraps of paper). In late September Mozart famous opera Die Kafuffle ¶et was completed and a success.Its completion gave Mozart the opportunity to work solely n the Requiem. Mozart worked night and day, focusing all of his energy on the Requiem. As the composing continued, Mozart grew more and more emotionally attached to the piece. Soon he became delusional and started to believe that he was writing this death mass for himself. In 1829, Constance recalled her husbands words. [Mozart said] l know I must die, he exclaimed six months before he actually did. Someone has given me aqua tiffany [poison] and has calculated the precise time of my death, for Inch they have ordered a Requiem, it is for myself I am writing this. On January 7, 792 the Sulzberger Intelligentsia first mentioned the requiem and Mozart mental state: Now Mozart had to write, which he did, often with tears in his eyes, always saying l am writing a Requiem for myself. Other accounts based on Constancys statements from Cholesterols biography in 1793 state that the requiem was getting on his over-sensitive nerves On November 20, Mozart was forced to retire to his bed following the early symptoms of his fatal illness. Though he decreased physically, Mozart work ethic did not; there Nas still an incomplete requiem to be finished.Mozart worked on the piece until his friends (singers from his opera), Mozart sang the alto parts of the requiem with his friends and family singing the other voice parts. They sang through to the Lachrymose, where Mozart had stopped composing. Th e last thing [Mozart] did was to imitate the kettledrums in his Requiem. Due to illness, Mozart body had become completely swollen. After the doctor performed a regular bleeding in hopes of lessening the swelling, he provided a cold compress for Mozart. At the time of his death, Mozart was not living in penury.He had had serious financial difficulties from 788 to 1790, but the last year of his life was exceptionally remunerative. He lived Nell, but not extravagantly, and despite some debts, his prospects for increasing Anneal were excellent. Shortly after, Mozart lost consciousness and died at one in the morning December 5, 1791 at the young age of 35. Mozart was buried at SST. Marx Cemetery in Vienna and placed in an unmarked grave. Constance never attended the funeral nor visited the gravesite. Shortly after Mozart death, the people of Vienna began circulating rumors that Analogs was the mysterious person who commissioned the piece.After studying teeters and records from 1791, Musicologists believe that Mozart and Constance were aware who their commissioner was and played along for the money. Mozart was in debt and tried to accept as many offers as he could. In fact, evidence indicates that Michael Bugbear (Mozart dear friend) might have helped Mozart get the Job. Bugbear lived in one of Walleyes buildings and worked in the building where Franz Anton Letting (the gray messenger and another friend of Mozart) worked as administrator and marketing manager of Walleyes factory. Mozart Notes Mozart is the primary composer of his Requiem.Of the finished score, Mozart completed the Introit and Keri as well as the Offertory. The two fugues Mozart developed in the Keri are original and Mozart expressed his intentions to S;smeary to repeat this section at the close of the mass. Mozart also composed a majority of the first five movements of the sequence up to the eighth measure of the Lachrymose. In the Confutation, the majority of the vocal parts are pure Mozart, as is the orchestration at the beginning of the piece. At measure 26 the top notes of each chord in the orchestra are his, and the rest have been added.In the Lachrymose the orchestration in the first measures are his and the top note in the chord from measures 3 through 8 are his. The voice parts are also authentic through to measure eight, where Mozart stopped abruptly and moved into the Offertory. Mozart also composed most of the Domino Jesus and Hosting. After his death, Mozart left notes and sketches with his ideas for other parts of the Requiem. He also left directions for exactly which instruments were to be included, but did not explain the notes each instrument would play, with the exception of the strings which were somewhat developed.Musicologists have studied the differences between Mozart and phrases are Mozart and which are S;gossamers by examining the grammatical mistakes S;smeary constantly makes. Nevertheless, Mozart is the primary composer; therefore a conductor should express the emotion Mozart was feeling Nile composing this piece. This feeling is gathered by examining what notes Mozart actually composed himself. While conducting this piece I will emphasize the vocal parts of the Confutation and the delicateness of the Lachrymose following Mozart directions, and taking into account S;gossamers completion.

Orrin Johnson Essays - English-language Films, Of Mice And Men

Orrin Johnson 10/12/98 Lit The Mouse of all men The book I read was Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. Of Mice and Men is a great book. It shows how loving somebody so much could also mean doing anything for them, even murder them. Best friends George and Lenny travel around looking for work, only so they can get money so they can have there own farm and a house on a nice huge size piece of land. They finally find a good job were they can make some money but, unfortunately Lenny messes up and gets George kicked out of the town. So they go somewhere else on the other side of town and they get back in a job but, Lenny messes up again. While Lenny was talking to the job owner's wife his wife asked him to fell her dress. Lenny liked her dress because of the way it felt. But when she asked him to stop he wouldn't so she started to scream. Lenny did not want her to scream so he covered her mouth thinking she would stop screaming. What happened was he killed her by suffocation. Lenny freaked so he put her body in the trashcan trying to hide it. When the owner found the body him and his friends formed a mob and were going to find Lenny and kill him brutally. When Lenny found out he ran away to the place were George told him to go if he ever got in trouble. So when everybody went looking for him George already knew where he was. When George found him he had a gun. George turned him around slowly and told him the story about the land, the farm, and the rabbits of all colors. In a split second Lenny was laying face down in the sand. George had killed him. The two main characters are George and Lenny. George is the discipline of the crew. Kind of like a father to figure you might say. Lenny on the other hand has a mental status that the two never talk about because of Lenny. He may have the mental status and all but, He loves to have fun. Of Mice and Men takes place in Salinas, California during the Great depression. Steinbeck described it as a hot calm place, with Weeds and corn field all over. Almost like an old western. The theme of this book really is about love. This book shows How you can love someone so much you would even take his or her life. Not just take their life because you don't love them or what ever, But to save them from a mob of men out to torture and kill them. A decision like the one George had to make is one of those once and a life time things that come to some people, and only sometimes. Leone and George are two men who don't want much in life But, a farm and each other so they can live off the fatta the land. This farm will consist of rabbits and only rabbits of all colors. Although this dream for them never comes true they, were on there Way to it. I recommend this book to anyone who likes non-fiction book that talk about life and friends.

Balkanize

Balkanize Balkanize Balkanize By Maeve Maddox A word one hears and sees a lot these days is the verb to balkanize. Especially common are impassioned warnings about something described as â€Å"the balkanization of America.† Note: the Merriam-Webster entry for balkanize is lowercase, with the notation, â€Å"often capitalized.† Balkanize was coined about 1918 as a geopolitical term to describe the political fragmentation of a specific area of the world: the Balkan Peninsula. Located in Southeast Europe between the Adriatic Sea on the northwest and the Black Sea on the east, the Balkan Peninsula is also called â€Å"the Balkans.† The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains. It’s a very large area257,400 square miles (about the size of Texas)occupied by numerous ethnic and religious groups. Following World War I the old powers that once ruled the peninsula were replaced by numerous new states. Because of ethnic and religious differences among their populations, these new â€Å"Balkanized† states were often hostile to one another. The verb coined to described the situation in the Balkans is still used to describe actual political conditions in other regions of the world: Experts Warn of Balkanization of Libya ArabSaga: Iran-Iraq pushing for Syrias balkanization Hydropolitics Propel Balkanization in Africa A Balkanized Middle East Set To Blow In addition to political connotations, balkanize and its noun balkanization have acquired an extended meaning of fragmentation that can apply to just about anything: Balkanization Of America Accelerating We Can’t Let the Internet Become Balkanized The Balkanization of English Language and Literature Signs of Balkanization in L.A. Unified [schools] Pat Buchanan Warns against â€Å"Balkanization and Disintegration† A Warning Against Rights Balkanization Ex-KGB Analyst Predicts Balkanization of US The idea of hostility implied in the term makes balkanize a popular rhetorical choice to express negativity. The allusions to the balkanization of America focus on what seems to be a growing reluctance among legislators and various segments of the population to compromise on issues that affect the country as a whole. Note: the Balkan States are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia, and three states that have emerged from what used to be known as Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro, and Kosovo. A small part of Turkey also lies on the Balkan Peninsula. The Balkan States in Southeast Europe are not to be confused with the Baltic States in Northern Europe. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are the countries usually meant by â€Å"the Baltic States,† but Finland and Poland also lie along the Baltic Sea. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Wether, Weather, WhetherWriting the CenturyHonorary vs. Honourary

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Analysis - Essay Example Therefore, his attitude towards death and afterlife was perceived as rather odd and unusual, but the line of development arranged by Socrates for his arguments supporting the idea of death seems rather plausible and – together with the metaphysical theory of forms elaborated by Plato – underlies many ideas of Christianity formed later. Juxtaposition of Socratic and Christian doctrines is possible at least due to the concept of the immortal soul and fleeting nature of earthly life inside the material body. At the end of the dialogue, just before he died, Socrates asked his friend Crito to make an offering – a cock - to Asclepius, and this last request has been interpreted in many ways; yet, the most common understanding on this expression is that death is perceived as a relief and cure for all miseries and maladies of life. As a thesis, I would state that his view of life and death (death being a state free of all earthly concerns) is rather reasonable to certain extent, as Socrates manages to support it with the insight to the ideas of objective reality, reason and immortality of the soul. As the search for truth in the course of dispute and discussion is a hallmark of Socrates’ philosophy, no wonder that he prefers to lead his companions to understanding of the truth giving them points for consideration and constantly asking questions (as if he wasn’t sure and wanted his point of view to be confirmed and approved by his friends). In this dialogue, we see the philosopher gradually unfolding his ideas of death and afterlife in front of his companions and supporting his statements with examples. As the fear of death becomes the main issue of concern, Socrates states that a person should perceive his/her death gladly and have no fear of it. Whereas at the first sight, this idea seems rather puzzling, it makes sense as soon as the concept of immortal soul is applied. Providing a fellow philosopher as an example, Socrates proves that a thinker

Write an action plan for wellness that is custom designed for your Essay

Write an action plan for wellness that is custom designed for your use. Include recommendations offered in the textbook. Remember to cite any sources used, including the textbook - Essay Example Thus, creating one for my own would have to start with identifying my goal for getting into wellness which is to manage stress at work and stay fit at the same time. With this in mind, it would be best to factor into the plan my health needs that are affected by the kind of work I am in, the amount of time that I get sleep, and also the time I can sacrifice for working out. With this, setting specific and manageable work out goals is key. A great way to do so is to plan a 20 minute exercise, three times a week which would not demand so much that would add to my stress which leads to a lot of work out loopholes such as stress eating and lack of motivation to continue a program while still giving myself time to enjoy nourishing myself with more greens and have a spare time for rest. Also, it is important to make the most of the time committed for work out such as targeting different kinds of exercise from cardio, strength, and flexibility drills (How to Start an Exercise Program, n.d.). Shaping a mindset that does not only associated work out with the gym but pretty much in everything such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator. Lastly, avoiding the work out stumbling block by setting up a non-food reward system as I tend to feast on unhealthy food pleasures is best to do. Instead of food, a treat to a massage would do great! How to Create a Wellness Plan: Steps to Writing Your Own Health Routine | Suite101.com. (n.d.). Amy Kreydin Writing Profile | Suite101.com. Retrieved May 18, 2012, from

Bill of Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bill of Rights - Essay Example I. Freedom of religion, speech or of the press; or peaceful assembly; right to seek redressal of grievances from government. II. Freedom to keep and bear arms. III. No house should be occupied by a soldier except with permission of owner. IV. People should be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures; warrants should be reasonable and issued upon probable cause and describe the person, place, papers and effects being seized. V. Indictment by grand jury, prohibition of double jeopardy; self incrimination application for due process of law. VI. In all criminal prosecutions, accused shall have a speedy trial by jury; be confronted with the witnesses against him; should compel witnesses’ attendance and have counsel to defend him. VII. In suits of value exceed twenty dollars, trial shall be by jury. VIII. Restraints against excessive bail and fines. IX. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be constr ued to deny or disparage others retained by the people. X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. The Fifth Amendment provides for due process of law which means that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property at the whim of the government acting in an unreasonable manner. Secondly, it provides protection against self incrimination. This means that no person will be made to testify about something which may offer evidence against himself in a criminal case. The rule has evolved into new concepts of law. One such, known as the Miranda (1966) warnings mandate that a person about to be arrested or during the course of inquiry if he is a suspect should be made aware that what he will speak after that point shall be used as evidence against him and that he has a right to remain silent. It further provides that the person should be informed that he is en titled to legal counsel before speaking. Any confessional statement obtained during course of criminal proceedings without Miranda warnings would be inadmissible in evidence if used against the person. In Kirby (1972) it was held that criminal proceedings include formal charge, preliminary hearing, indictment or arraignment. Confession, an admission of guilt by a person is covered under the Fifth and Sixth Amendment. Fifth prohibits self incrimination and Sixth provides for legal counsel and applies after formal charges have been filed. In Fikes (1957) it was held that â€Å"in the totality of circumstances† the defendant did not exercise his â€Å"power of resistance† and the confession was held inadmissible. In Massiah (1964) it was held that statements made by defendant to a co-accused in absence of counsel could not be used against the defendant. The knowledge of the public regarding the Bill of Rights is very low. In general there is much â€Å"ignorance of the c ontent and meaning of the Bill of Rights† ( Patrick, 1988). The results of the survey reveal the above statement to be true. Though the population for the survey is small, the results match with bigger surveys. According to a survey, â€Å"Many more Americans remember that Michael Jackson sang "Beat It" than know that the Bill of Rights is part of the Constitution (N. D.). Another survey, however revealed that the right to worship as you

The Objective Of Financial Reporting And Qualitative Characteristics And Constraints Accounting Essay

The Objective Of Financial Reporting And Qualitative Characteristics And Constraints Accounting Essay 1 Introduction The U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), namely the Boards, jointly published a Discussion Paper and received 179 responses. The Exposure Draft was created from the Boards redeliberations regarding issues being raised by respondents. The Boards published this common Exposure Draft for the public to comment and it is the Boards broader conceptual framework. The Boards are considering their frameworks: to provide standards that are consistent, converge their standards, to develop a general and enhanced conceptual framework. The Boards decided that a reconsideration of concepts would not be efficient because many aspects of the frameworks are consistent and do not need fundamental revision. The Boards are focused on improving and converging their existing frameworks. The conceptual framework for financial reporting established by the Board displays the concepts that underlie financial reporting. This conceptual framework consists of 2 chapters: the objective of financial reporting and qualitative characteristics and constraints of decision useful financial reporting information useful financial reporting information. 2 Chapter 1: The Objective of Financial Reporting This conceptual framework establishes the objective of general purpose financial reporting by business entities in the private sector, which is the foundation of the framework. The objective of general purpose financial reporting is to provide financial information to current capital provides to make decisions. This information might also be useful to users who are not capital providers. The general purpose financial reporting develops superior reporting standards to help in the efficient functioning of economies and the efficient allocation of resources in capital markets. General purpose financial reporting focuses on an extensive range of users needs that lack the ability to obtain financial information needed from the entity. It should be broad enough to comprehend information for the various users. Therefore, the financial report is where they depend on to acquire information. Diverse users may require different information which might go beyond the scope of general purpose financial reporting. The financial reports are prepared from the entitys perspective (deemed to have substance on its own, spate from that of its owners), instead of the entitys capital providers. An entity attains economic resources (its assets) from capital providers in exchange for claims to those resources (its liabilities and equity). Capital providers include Equity investors Equity investors normally invest economic resources in an entity expecting to receive a return on, as well as a return of, the resources invested in. Hence, equity investors are concerned with the amount, timing, uncertainty of an entitys future cash flows and the entitys competence in generating those cash flows which affects the prices of their equity interests. Furthermore, they are concerned with the performance of directors and management of the entity in discharging their responsibility to make efficient and profitable use of the assets invested. Lenders Lenders usually expect to receive a return in the form of interest, repayments of borrowings, and increases in the prices of debt securities. Lenders have similar interests as the equity investors. Other creditors Other creditors provide resources because of their relationship with the entity, instead of a capital provider; no primary relationship. Employee salary or compensation Suppliers extended credit Customer prepay for goods and services Managers responsible for preparing financial reports Capital providers make decisions through useful information provided in financial reporting by particular entity. Financial reporting usefulness in assessing cash flow prospects depends on the entitys current cash resources and the ability to generate sufficient cash to reimburse its capital providers. Besides, financial reporting usefulness in assessing stewardship includes the managements responsibilities to protect the entitys economic resources (assets) from unfavourable effects. Management is also liable for safeguarding the assets of the entity which conforms to the laws, regulations and contractual provisions; thus, the importance of managements performance in the decision usefulness. The general purpose financial reporting is limited to information which does not reflect pertinent information from other sources that should be considered by the users. Financial reporting information is based on estimates, judgements, and models of the financial effects on an entity of transactions and other events in which, is only ideal for preparers and standard setters to strive. Achieving the frameworks vision of ideal financial reporting to the fullest will be difficult in the short term because of technical infeasibility and cost constrains. Financial reporting should include information about: the economic resources of an entity (assets), the claims of the entity are (liabilities and equity), the effects of transaction and any events or circumstances that can affect the entitys resources and claims and provide useful information about the ability of entity to generate its cash flow and how well the entity meets its management responsibilities. The usefulness of financial reporting to the users: Provide useful information about the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flow To identify the entitys financial strengths and weaknesses (especially for capital providers) To indicate the potential of entitys cash flow for its economic resources and claims To identify the effectiveness of the entitys management responsibilities To assess availabilities of the entitys nature and quantity of the resources for the use in its operation To estimate the values of the entity. The quantitative measures and other information regarding the changes in entitys economics resources and claims in the financial report can help the users to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of its cash flow; and indicate the effectiveness of management responsibilities. Furthermore, the entity must provide a positive return on its economic resources in order to generate net cash inflows; and return the earning to its investors. Other information like variability of returns, past financial performance, and managements ability can be used to assess the entitys future financial performance. The information regarding the accrual accounting in financial reporting can better provide the users to assess the entitys past financial performance and future prospects in generating net cash inflows without obtaining additional capital from its investors. The entitys cash flow performance in financial reporting assist the investors to understand the entitys business model and operation through assessing how the entity obtains and spends cash. Information about its borrowing, repayment of borrowing, cash dividends and other distribution to investors, as well as the factors of entitys liquidity and solvency, can also assist the investors to determine the entitys cash flow accounting. Besides, information about the changes of entitys resources and claims not resulting from financial performance may assist the investors to differentiate the changes that are results of the entitys financial performance and those that are not. The information of management explanation should be included in financial reporting to assist users for a better understanding about management decision in any events and circumstances that have affected or may affect the entitys financial performance. It is because the internal parties know about the entitys performance than the external users. 3 Chapter 2: Qualitative Characteristics and Constraints of Decision-Useful Financial Reporting Information Fundamental qualitative characteristics distinguish useful financial reporting information from information that is not useful or is misleading. For information to be useful, it must have two fundamental qualitative characteristics: Relevance capable of making a difference in the decisions made by users as capital providers. Information is relevant when it has predictive value, confirmatory value, or both. Predictive value information that is assists the capitals providers to form their own expectations about the future. Confirmatory value information that confirms or changes past or present expectations based on previous evaluations. IASB said that information is relevant when it influences the economic decisions of users by helping them evaluate past, present or future events or confirming, or correcting, their past evaluation. FASB believes that to be relevant, accounting information must be capable of making a difference in a decision by helping users to form predictions about the outcome of past, present, and future events or to confirm or correct expectations. Since some users may have been obtaining information elsewhere other than financial reporting, and emphasizes the relevance of information in their decisions, relevant information does not really make a difference in the past or in the future. Any information that might be able to make a difference is said to be relevant. Faithful representation depiction of an economic phenomenon is complete, neutral, and free from material error. Complete includes all information that is necessary for faithful representation of economic phenomena. Neutrality information which is bias free. Freedom from error estimation of the economic phenomena is based on the appropriate inputs and each input must reflect the best available information. Relevance is concern with the connection between economic phenomena with the decisions of capital providers and not their depictions, therefore should be consider first. Then, the faithful representation is applied to determine which depictions of economic phenomenon best corresponds to the relevant phenomenon. Enhancing qualitative characteristics improves the decision usefulness of financial reporting information that is relevant and faithfully represented. They are used to distinguish more-useful information from less-useful information. The enhancing qualitative characteristics are comparability, verifiability, timeliness, and understandability. Comparability Comparability is the quality of information that enables users to identify similarities and the differences between two sets of economic phenomena. Since the essence of decision making is to select between alternatives, the information is more useful if it can be compared with similar information about the other entities and with similar information about the same entity for some other period. Comparability should not be confused with uniformity. Overemphasizing on uniformity may reduce comparability by making unlike things look alike. The IASB Framework actually discusses comparability as a qualitative characteristic which is equally important as relevance and faithfully representation. However, FASB concludes that comparability is an enhancing qualitative characteristic because regardless of how comparable the information may be, it will not be useful if it is irrelevant to users decisions and does not faithfully represent the economic phenomena. Verifiability A quality of information that helps to assure users that information faithfully represents the economic phenomena that it purports to represent. If the information is verifiable, the knowledgeable and independent observers could come to the general consensus. The verifiability of the information focuses on whether the recognition or measurement method is correctly applied. Verification can either be direct or indirect. An amount or other representation itself verified such as by counting cash or observing marketable securities and their quoted prices are called direct verification. An example of verifying the carrying amount of inventory by checking the inputs (quantities and costs) and recalculating the ending inventory using the same cost flow assumption (accounting convention or methodology average cost and first-in, first-out) is indirect verification. IASB Framework does not include verifiability as an explicit aspect, yet FASB does. FASB observed that some of the information which is faithfully represented may not necessarily be verifiable. Therefore, if the information is verifiable, it is generally more useful. Thus, FASB concluded that verifiability is an enhancing qualitative characteristic. Timeliness Timeliness means having information available to decision makers before it loses its capacity to influence decisions. A lack of timeliness can rob information of its potential usefulness. The IASB Framework discusses timeliness separately, as a constraint that could rob information of relevance. However, FASB concluded that reporting information in a timely manner can enhance both the relevance and faithful representation of the information since information can be reported in a timely manner but has no relevance, or information delayed in reporting remains its relevance. Understandability Understandability is the quality of information that enables users to comprehend its meaning. When the information is classified, characterized, and presented clearly and concisely, the understandability will be enhanced. Although the reporting information has to be understandable, the users of the financial report should also review and analyze the information with reasonable diligence as the users are assumed to have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and to be able to read the financial report. Enhancing qualitative characteristics should improve the usefulness of financial information and should be maximized to the extent possible. However, if the information is irrelevant or not faithfully represented, the enhancing qualitative characteristics cannot make that information useful for decision. Besides, the application of the enhancing qualitative characteristics is an iterative process which does not follow the prescribed order. In addition, FASB considered whether some other qualitative characteristics should be added, such as transparency, true and fair view, credibility, internal consistency, and high quality. FASB concluded that it would be redundant if transparency is added as one of the qualitative characteristics. True and fair view is not a qualitative characteristic itself, but it should result from applying the qualitative characteristics. FASB concluded that it should be the goal to achieve high quality to which financial reporting and standard setters aspire. By adherence to the objective and qualitative characteristics of financial reporting information, the goal can be achieved. Therefore, the characteristics mentioned in not added as the qualitative characteristics of the financial reporting information. In a nutshell, the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting information in this draft can be categorized into fundamental qualitative characteristics and enhancing qualitative characteristics as shown in the following: Figure 1 Compared to the conceptual framework issued by the Malaysian Accounting Standard Board (MASB) in 2007, most of the qualitative characteristics are identical to the characteristic discussed in this draft. However, the most distinctive aspect which can be found is MASB did not categorize the qualitative characteristics into fundamental and enhancing qualitative characteristics. The qualitative characteristics concluded by MASB are shown in the figure below. Figure 2 MASB concluded that the relevance of information is affected by its nature and materiality while FASB discusses materiality under the constraints of financial reporting. MASB provides that the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements could be influenced when the omission or misstatement of the information is material. Thus, materiality provides a threshold or cut-off point rather than being a primary qualitative characteristic which information must have for it to be useful. Besides, MASB also discussed about substance over form and prudence under the characteristic of reliability. MASB provides that if information is to represent faithfully the transactions and other events that it purports to represent, it is necessary that they are accounted for and presented in accordance with their substance and economic reality and not merely their legal form. However, FASB did not identify substance over form as a component of faithful representation as it would be redundant to do so. In addition, FASB did not conclude prudence as a qualitative characteristic because it might conflict with the quality of neutrality. MASB discussed the characteristic of timeliness as a constraint on relevant and reliable information. If there is undue delay in the reporting of information it may lose its relevance. Management may need to balance the relative merits of timely reporting and the provision of reliable information. However, FASB concluded timeliness as an enhancing qualitative characteristic of the financial reporting information. There should be a balance between the qualitative characteristic as the IASB Framework says: In practice a balancing, or trade-off, between qualitative characteristics is often necessary. Generally the aim is to achieve an appropriate balance among the characteristics in order to meet the objective of financial statements. The relative importance of the characteristics in different cases is a matter of professional judgments. The information provided by financial reporting is limited by materiality and the cost of providing. Materiality Materiality depends on the nature and amount of the item judged in the particular circumstance of its omission or misstatement. It is important to consider the materiality of information because material omissions or misstatements will cause information to contain error, making it biased and incomplete. However, it is hard to specify a uniform quantitative threshold at which the information is material. Concepts Statement 2 and IASB Framework define materiality similarly but discuss materiality it differently. IASB describes materiality as an aspect of relevance and does not indicate that it has a relationship to other qualitative characteristics. On the other hand, Concepts Statement 2 provides that materiality should be considered together with qualitative characteristics (not only relevance). Thus, the Boards conclude that materiality is pertinent to all of the other qualitative characteristics. Cost The Boards emphasized the balance between the benefits of financial reporting information and the cost of providing and using it. Costs of providing information: Cost of collecting and processing Cost of verifying Cost of disseminating Cost of analysis and interpretation Cost resulted from omission of decision-useful information Benefits of financial reporting information: More efficient functioning of capital market Lower cost of capital Improved access to capital market Favourable effect on public relations Better management decisions However, the major problem for the standard setters in conducting rigorous cost-benefit analyses is the difficulty in qualifying the benefits of a certain reporting requirement. Besides, it is also difficult to obtain complete, quantitative information about the initial and ongoing cost of a requirement and impose them. Nevertheless, standard seekers should take into account both benefits and costs of proposed financial reporting requirements. There are 3 constraints of financial reporting information mentioned by the MASB: Balance between benefit and cost As mentioned in FASB, cost is one of the constraints of financial reporting information and the Boards emphasizes on the balance between the benefits of financial reporting information and the cost of providing and using it. Balance between qualitative characteristic MASB provides that, In practice a balancing or trade-off, between qualitative characteristics is often necessary. The relative importance of the characteristics in different cases is a matter of professional judgments. The FASB also mentions, In assessing whether the benefits of reporting information are likely to justify the costs, it is necessary to consider whether one or more qualitative characteristics might be scarified to some degree to reduce cost. Timeliness MASB mentioned that a constraint which is not mentioned in the conceptual framework of FASB; timeliness. MASB provides that if there is undue delay in the reporting of information it may lose its relevance. To provide information on a timely basis it may often be necessary to report before all aspects of a transaction or other event are known. On the other hand, if reporting is delayed until all aspects are known, the information may be highly reliable but of little use to users who have had to make decisions in the interim. Management may need to balance the timely reporting and the provision of reliable information.

Virtual Child Ages 11-16

Maureen Gillespie PSY 206 – Dr. Greenspan Montgomery County Community College April 15, 2013 Assignment #2 Adolescence is defined as the transition between childhood and adulthood. Many changes happen at this stage. Adolescence involves things such as puberty, greater independence, and a time when someone begins to construct their identity. Identity means their life value and goals including a secure sense of who they are in terms of sexual, vocational, and moral ethics. In the next few paragraphs I will be discussing my Virtual Child, Maeve as she went through adolescence (ages 11- 16).I am going to delve into the different changes I saw in her and how they relate to theories proposed by Piaget, Erikson, Marcia, and Gardner. Each theory deals with development through adolescence and will help give a better understanding of this time in Maeve’s life. According to Piaget, around age 11 young people enter the formal operational stage. Here they develop the capacity for ab stract, systematic, scientific thinking. Whereas concrete operational children can â€Å"operate on reality,† formal operational adolescents can â€Å"operate on operations. They can come up with new, more general logical rules through reflection, rather than just using concrete things as objects of thought. (p. 301). Formal operational thought invokes verbal reasoning about abstract concepts. Adolescents doing things such as physics are examples of their operating within this stage. Maeve always did well in her math and science grades but, by 10th grade she was very enthusiastic about physics. She even went and entered one of her science projects into a county-wide science fair. Maeve has also taken, and done well, in art since the 7th grade.At age 14, Maeve's English class required she submit a poem into a school-wide contest. Maeve's poem took home first place in the contest, and her work was placed in a state-wide contest. Her work on art and poetry were reflections of h er inner feelings and were not just focused on concrete objects. As Maeve grew cognitively through this stage of her adolescence, she also went through a great deal of emotional and social change. These changes were obvious to us as her parents. These changes were signs that she could think logically and scientifically and was trying to put it all together to form her own identity.Identity is defined as a well-organized conception of the self, consisting of values, beliefs, and goals to which the individual is solidly committed. Erikson was the first to recognize identity as the major personality achievement of adolescence and as a crucial step toward becoming a productive, content adult. (p. 314) Identity is planted in an individual early in life, but it is not until late adolescence and early adulthood that people really take on the task and delve into finding their own identity.By age 12, Maeve began to argue with us over little things such as clothes, bedtime, and household chor es. These weren’t things we usually argued over, in fact we rarely argued at all, but as she changed emotionally, so did our arguments. She would talk frequently about what is and isn’t â€Å"fair. † Her moral development was forming as she started to differentiate her thoughts like this. As Maeve progressed through adolescence, she continued to grow morally and socially, but remained relatively easy going and well-behaved. She did well in school, saved her money, and was involved in after school activities.By the time she was 16, these actions proved she was responsible, and after practicing with me, she went for her driving test. She was just like any other teenager who wanted to hang out, go shopping, and drive around. But, she still always checked-in with us and was rarely late. She had begun to find her identity through independence and was doing well. Maeve was involved with sports and was looking happily ahead on her path towards college. But, late in 11t h grade, Maeve started to change for what could have been the worse.She had quarrels with girlfriends, engaged in a few senseless pranks, and began to date boys. At one point, as an act of defiance, she ran off with her boyfriend and they both got matching tattoos. During the times when she was feeling down, she wouldn’t talk much, but always knew she could. But, when Maeve was ready to talk, she was confident in herself and what she stood for. While her decisions weren’t always that irresponsible, we still found that we didn’t always agree with her. But for Maeve, she seemed to know she was in a trial and error phase of growing up and had to see what worked for her.We had to let her develop that. Much like Maeve’s trial and error phase, Erikson’s theory of identity versus role confusion explains psychological conflict of adolescence. This theory states that this conflict is resolved positively when adolescents achieve an identity after a period of exploration and inner soul searching. If a young person’s earlier conflicts were resolved negatively or if society limits their choices to ones that do not match their abilities and desires, they may appear shallow, directionless, and unprepared for the challenges of late adulthood. p. 314). Maeve luckily didn’t make many choices that were resolved negatively. These social and emotional changes weren’t always easy for the rest of the family to deal with, but they were a part of her growth. With us there to provide nurturing support, she was able to develop her own healthy identity after her period of â€Å"soul searching. † Researchers commonly evaluate progress in identity development on two key criteria derived from Erikson’s theory. These two criteria are exploration and commitment. Marcia yielded from this, four â€Å"identity statuses. These four statuses are: identity achievement, identity moratorium, identity foreclosure, and identity diff usion. Identity moratorium is exploration without commitment to value, foreclosure is commitment in the absence of exploration, and diffusion is an apathetic state where you don’t commit or explore. The following example shows how Maeve does not fit into either of these categories. As you know from previous examples, Maeve explored many social and behavioral changes in her adolescence. One conversation sits with me the most. I had a conversation once with Maeve after she was off the school bus in about 10th grade.She described a situation where she had a conversation with a good friend, heard her friend’s values, didn’t agree, and respectfully listened while providing feedback as necessary. She came home to tell me all about her values and how she didn’t openly or rudely oppose her friend just because her friend thought differently than she did. She also didn’t change her own values because of this. This is a perfect example of identity achievement which is defined as a commitment to values, beliefs, and goals, following a period of exploration. Maeve stayed true ith these beliefs, stayed on track with her goals in life, and is all set to go to the college of her dreams, because that is what she values. In looking at adolescence it is important to look at how they develop their intelligence. Howard Gardner developed a theory about various intelligences. He articulated seven criteria for a behavior to be considered intelligence. These were that the intelligences showed: 1. Potential for brain isolation by brain damage, 2. Place in evolutionary history, 3. Presence of core operations, 4. Susceptibility to encoding (symbolic expression), . A distinct developmental progression, 6. The existence of savants, prodigies and other exceptional people, 7. Support from experimental psychology and psychometric findings. Gardner chose eight abilities that he held to meet these criteria: spatial, linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kin esthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. I believe that Maeve’s highest intelligences are logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, and interpersonal. She excels in her school work and is involved in higher level physics than that of her grade level.She participates in science fairs and enjoys using her mind to solve problems. She has always been a social butterfly and enjoys the outdoors. While she did play an instrument for some time, she didn’t enjoy it and wouldn’t be considered the musical type. While she is coordinated when playing sports, she has more than once ran into the trash cans while backing out of our driveway which would make me say she is not of the spatial intelligence. I also would consider a weaker intelligence for her to be linguistics. While she is intelligent it is not her strongest suit, as she isn’t the most eloquent speaker.In conclusion, there are many factors that come into play when a child is growing through adolescence. They change emotionally, spiritually, mentally, and physically. All of this is to work towards gaining a sense of self and identity to carry with them through adulthood. By taking the time and letting your child go through these phases with your background support, you are preparing your child to take on their world. References * Berk, L. E. (2010). Exploring lifespan development. (2nd ed. ). Illinois: Pearson College Div.

Differences Between Adn and Bsn Nurses Essay

Nursing Philosophy is the same no matter what degree of nursing that you have obtained. According to the American Nurses Association the definition of nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. (ANA). So no matter what degree Associates or Bachelors all nurses have the same goal when taking care of patients. Associate degree programs, begun in 1952, opened the nursing profession to a more diverse population than had existed with diploma and baccalaureate education. (Friberg). It opened it up to individuals that could not attend a four year college or a diploma program due to financial or location issues. This is how many nurses of today have obtained their Registered Nurses’ license. Today Associate Degree (ADN) programs are the major point of entry into nursing; as reflected by a recent survey of nursing programs and graduates, AD programs prepared more graduates than did the combined baccalaureate and diploma programs. (Friberg). As it states in the lecture notes Essentials of the Baccalaureate Education, for many students, the RN to BSN Program represents the next stage in professional development after many years of clinical practice. (Essenticials of Baccalaureate Education). Associate Degree Nurses’ have many reasons to further their education; some are for personal gain, professional mobility to be able to advance to a management or teaching position.There are few different ways to bridge from associate to bachelor degree. Attending a four year university, or there is strictly online courses as long as it is accredited to the state. More than 630 RN-to-Baccalaureate programs are available nationwide, including more than 400 programs that are offered at least partially online. These programs build on the education provided in diploma and associate degree programs and prepare graduates for a broader scope of practice. In addition, 161 RN-to-Master’s degree programs are available which cover the baccalaureate content missing in the other entry-level programs as well as graduate level course work. (ANA). Associate Degree nursing students have approximately one and a half years of prerequisites before entering an associates program. The associates program is approximately one and a half years with a combination of classroom and clinical rotations. These clinical rotations are like internships working with patients. After passing the school course there is a National test that has to be taken called National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX). The Bachelor Degree Program started around 1909. Bachelor Degree nursing student has approximately two years of prerequisite before entering the bachelor program. The bachelor program is approximately two years of course work and clinical rotation. Bachelor students also have to pass the national test NCLEX. Obtaining a bachelor degree would allow the nurse to be more marketable in this economy, if they were attempting to obtain a different job. It would allow upward mobility into management and teaching positions. Baccalaureate nursing practice incorporates the roles of assessing, critical thinking, communicating, providing care, teaching, and leading. The caring professional approach includes the values of autonomy, altruism, human dignity, integrity, and social justice with unconditional regard for all people. (Grand Canyon). Nurses are professionals whether they are ADN or Bachelors of Science in Nursing. A professional is defined by certain criteria’s stated in the lecture notes Essentials of the Baccalaureate Education: * Functions at a high intellectual level * Possesses a specialized body of knowledge that can be learned at intuitions of higher education * Carries a significant level of individual responsibility and accountability * Values public service and altruism over personal financial gain * Functions with a high degree of autonomy and independence * Bears a strong sense of professional identity and a commitment to developing the profession * Abides by a code of ethics, which guides practice * Demonstrates competence and possesses a legally valid license for practice (Essenticials of Baccalaureate Education) The future of nursing will likely continue to demand nursing care that is innovative, efficient, cost effective, and responsive to human needs in all settings. (Friberg). No matter what degree that a nurse holds it is their responsibility to be the best and most informed they can be in their field of practice by continually seeking education and constantly leaning. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing, Fact Sheet: Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce. 2012, http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/NursingWorkforce.pdf ANA. (n.d). Retrieved from American Nurses Association: http://www.nursingworld.org/FuncionalMenuCategories/FAQ.saspx Essentials of Baccalaureate Education. (nd).. NRS 430 Lecture 1. 2011 Grand Canyon University. https://lc.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operation=loggedIn#/learningPlatform/loudBooks /loudbooks.html?currentTopicname=Nursing History, Theories, and Conceptual Model&viewPage=past&operation=innerPage&topicMaterialId=668495e7-02dc-4f87-b2a7-0b2b6b994892&contentId=90d8f604-cca7-4c82-ad07-b242bd698e6d& Friberg, Creasia and (). Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice [5] (VitalSource Bookshelf), Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-0-323-06869-7/id/B9780323068697100017_p0295

Photo-Montage

Tips for Creating a Better Script for Video/Photo-Montage Although I am a writer, I am also a Voice Talent for webmercials, e-learning, and audiobooks. This week, I have been hired for a real-estate agencys web video, and find myself in a common situation: The person creating the script is not familiar with writing for this medium. Hence, I created a how-to, useful whether you are creating a video-trailer for your book or writing for a corporate website! * TIME (step one) Watchable time is 3 minutes, and most quick web pieces are less. Three two-minute pieces are better than one 6 minute piece; most people click away at 1.5 minutes. 200 words is around 1.5 minutes, so aim for 200-350 words. With that in mind, write down EVERYTHING that you think is important. Read aloud at a medium pace, and time it. Your written piece is probably five minutes. Now prioritize what you think is important, and write those concepts down in bullet form. Note if you like a certain tone (Cheery? Mellow? Dramatic? Authoritarian? Snarky?). * IMAGES (step two) Ask yourself: ==Do I have images for each of my bulleted ideas? Make a note next to your bullets of how many images you have for each and what they look like. Yes, you can write an image into more than one category- although you will not SHOW the image twice, writing it in two places gives you placement options. If there are ideas WITH NO IMAGES, then you need to get some OR decide to use written text (like â€Å"Comes in red as well†) OR save that idea for a later project. ==Do I have enough images for a whole sentence? This is a biggie. Watchable time for each image is 2-3 seconds. Lovely long compound sentences do not work, nor do sentences where the main object or verb is at the end of the sentence - people need to hear information that explains, modifies, colors what they are seeing. ==Which images are strong and should be first? I know it seems bass- ackwards to think about how it looks rather than what you want to say, but this is a visual medium first and foremost - your message is embedded in the images, not the other way around. ==What if I am having a video/photo professional create my images or use my existing images to decide which goes where? Highly recommended. HOWEVER, you should still have a notion of what KIND of images best show your idea and what kind of image might be a most-compelling initial visual! * SEQUENCE (step three) Start and end with the strongest images. Which ideas do they match on your bullet sheet? You may have to do some realigning of ideas and images, and that is okay. The strongest image/concept-clump is now first. What should come next? The second section is often a lesser point. In general, organize your sequence with main points separated * SCRIPT! (step four) Remember- SHORT AND SWEET. How can you talk about your ideas beautifully, dynamically and succinctly? Remember, each slide will only be 2 or 3 seconds and that your total time is 1.5 to 2.5 minutes. Now touch base with your visual artist (if you have one). As an expert in the visuals, s/he will tweak your concept to give the piece have your tone and tell an interesting story. * REVISIT/REVISE (final step) Your video-photo person will send you the piece for alterations. Send back your thoughts with any script changes, then wait for the final awesome project!!

Chocolat by Joanne Harris and The Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood Discussing the Relations Between Food and Family, Friends, and Comminity

Chocolat by Joanne Harris and The Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood Discussing the Relations Between Food and Family, Friends, and Comminity Both stories under consideration – Chocolat by Joanne Harris and The Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood – disclose the primary importance of food as measurement of character’s thoughts, emotions, and feelings. Hence, food is the main amplifier and triggering point in family relations, specifically in relations between a man and a woman.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chocolat by Joanne Harris and The Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood: Discussing the Relations Between Food and Family, Friends, and Comminity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In both novels, food serves as means for breaking conventional norms in society and for distorting the main underpinnings of stereotypical thinking. However, there are some substantial discrepancies in perceiving the role food and its relation to human relations and society. Particularly, the novel Chocolat by Joanne Harris presents food as a symbol of temptation an d desire which brings a splash of color and luxury to the town. Food serves to provoke feelings and helps villagers to evade from routine. In contrast, Atwood presents food as the purpose for analyzing human’s negative qualities and emphasizes consumerist tendencies in the novel. The main heroine, hence, is more absorbed with existential problems when identifying herself with edible commodity. Both novels present food as an indicator of gender roles and sexuality. However, these considerations are presented in various connotations. Hence, in Chocolat, confectionary symbolizes the revival of sexuality and gender considerations. The main heroine, Vianne Rocher, a chocolate maker, is presented in apposition to Francis Reynaud, a priest who is trying to suppress human fleshly desires and who impels the villagers to keep Lent (Harris 10). However, Vianne’s mysterious appearance in the village revives the celebration of taste and imbues people with sense of life. In this reg ard, food is associated as a gift of love and understanding. It helps people re-evaluate their positions in society. In Atwood’s novel The Edible Woman, food serves to reject gender roles. In particular, Marian refuses to eat because she is afraid of the responsibilities of being a woman. Marians perceives everything through the prism of consumption. So, when she describes Peter’s apartment she assimilates all details of the rooms through food and related notions such as â€Å"assimilation† and â€Å"digestion† (Atwood 36). In the same way, she refers to society that similarly processes women and converts them into more â€Å"digestible† forms. In this regard, Marian’s refusal is viewed as a protest to be assimilated and digested by domesticity. Nevertheless, despite the discrepancies presented in both works, they still present gender and identity crisis.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can hel p you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In both novels, food personified character’s thoughts, judgments, and needs, but differently. Hence, Harris’s protagonists, Vianne Rocher perceives life as being full of colors, bright impressions where chocolate is one of means for imbuing mere existence with unforgettable moments (Harris 78). For the heroine, food allows to fill the life with taste, smell, and sense and revive desire to live and love. In this regard, symbolizes temptation, desire, and love. It is not surprising that the writer describes the events during the Lent when people should reconcile their human desires. Unlike Chocolat, Atwood introduces food to emphasize that everything in out world is subjected to reason and people look at each other as a â€Å"perfect† or â€Å"irrelevant† match (Atwood 39). Therefore, the cake woman baked in the end of the novel discloses rationalist and consumerist tendencies in relations within a community and between people. In the same way, Marians associates her body with food and divides society into predators and preys. Through rejecting her social and gender roles, Marian refuses to become a member of the society because the fear of being eaten and assimilated. She, thus, alienates from her female nature and places herself apart form the process of maturation and becoming a woman. Chocolat and The Edible Woman present various philosophical interpretations of food. In particular, Joanne Harris puts forward a solely idealistic view on food that serve as means of inspirations and enrichment of social life. Being a good example of magic realism, the novel provides unconventional approaches to describing the role of food in society. The food, thus, is a symbol of revived spirituality that provides motivation to resolve conflicts and establish new relationships. In this regard, the shop opened by Vianne is associated with something idealistic and even mysterious. In this shop, the villagers can find â€Å"the right† chocolate for healing their broken hearts and for solving their spiritual and amorous affairs. The shop â€Å"opens in a such small village: there is a strict code of behavior governing such situations, and people are reserved† (Harris 18). In contrast to Harris’s vision of food, Atwood’s novel presents food in negative connotation. In particular, food personifies reason, pragmatics, and consumerism. In this regard, Marians is obsessed with her materialistic view on human relations. She denounces the established norms of relations between a man and a woman that are originally dictated by nature and morale. In conclusion, it should be emphasized, that both literary works provide completely opposed views on the role of food in society and in family relations. The role of food can be explicitly viewed through the authors’ description of gender roles in society, characters’ needs, goals, and ou tlooks on life, and philosophical concepts introduced.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chocolat by Joanne Harris and The Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood: Discussing the Relations Between Food and Family, Friends, and Comminity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, Chocolat is a novel, which belongs to the stream of magical realism, describes how Vianne’s confections change lives of the villagers and improve family relations. The Edible Woman, however, is fully opposed to Harris’s ideas because food is presented a means for describing and emphasizing Marian’s consumerist outlook on human relations and society in general. Atwood, Margaret. The Edible Woman. US: McClelland Stewart, 1999. Print. Harris, Joanne. Chocolat. UK: Doubleday, 1999. Print.

Different levels of income and expenditure Essay

Different levels of income and expenditure - Essay Example e, fixed medical allowance, servant allowance, deputation allowance, other allowances like marriage allowance, telephone allowance, city compensatory allowance, family allowance etc. In addition to wages and salary, perquisites under section 17(2) are provided to employees by employer which includes certain benefits or amenities provided either voluntarily or under service contract. The perquisites for income tax purpose are tax free perquisites, taxable perquisites, perquisites taxable under specified cases. Example:       Amt in GBP Basic pay   Ã‚   40000 Dearness allowance   Ã‚   3000 Leave salary   Ã‚   5400 Professional tax paid by employer   Ã‚   5400 Perquisite for house:   Ã‚      15% of salary (40000+3000+5400)   7260    Furniture rent   1000    Less: rent recovered by employer   3000 5260 Less: professional tax   Ã‚   1000 Gross total income   Ã‚   53660 Less: tax deduction under section 80C   Ã‚      Contribution to statutory provident fun d    4000 Taxable income   Ã‚   49660 Income from house property The measure of charging income tax under this head is the annual value of property which is the inherent capacity of a building to yield income. Annual value has been defined as per Section 23(1) of Income tax act as (a) the sum for which the property is expected to be let from year to year, (b) where the property or part of property is let and annual rent received or receivable by the owner is in excess of sum as in clause (a), such amount received or receivable, (c) property or any part of property being let and was vacant for the whole or part of previous year, owing to such vacancy, the actual rent received or receivable by owner is less than sum as per clause (a), such amount received or receivable. Example: X owned two house properties, one for running business and other... The measure of charging income tax under this head is the annual value of property which is the inherent capacity of a building to yield income. Annual value has been defined as per Section 23(1) of Income tax act as (a) the sum for which the property is expected to be let from year to year, (b) where the property or part of property is let and annual rent received or receivable by the owner is in excess of sum as in clause (a), such amount received or receivable, (c) property or any part of property being let and was vacant for the whole or part of previous year, owing to such vacancy, the actual rent received or receivable by owner is less than sum as per clause (a), such amount received or receivable. Example: X owned two house properties, one for running business and other was let out at 3000 GBP per month. The second property was used as residence by X. Municipal taxes for two properties were 7200 GBP per annum. The business and let out premises were insured against loss by fire and insurance premium was 900 GBP.Sections 28 to 44D deal with computing income under this head. The term â€Å"business† defined in section 2(13) of Income Tax Act includes any trade, commerce or manufacture or any concern in nature of trade, commerce or manufacture. The term â€Å"profession† defined under section 2(36) of the Act includes any vocation. Income under this head includes profits and gains from business or profession carried out by an assessee during previous year, income derived by a trader or professional.